Nightclub

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nightclub , music club or club , are entertainment venues and bars that usually operate late into the night. A nightclub is generally distinguished from an ordinary bar, pub or bar with the inclusion of a stage for live music, one or more dance floor areas and a DJ booth, where a DJ plays recorded music. The upscale nature of the nightclubs can be seen in the entrance of the VIP area in some nightclubs, for celebrities and their guests. Nightclubs are much more likely than pubs or sports bars to use guards to screen potential players to enter. Some nightclub keepers do not recognize people with informal attire or gang clothing as part of the dress code. The busiest night for nightclub is Friday and Saturday night. Most clubs or nightclubs meet certain music genres, such as house music or hip hop.

Video Nightclub

Histori

Sejarah awal

From about 1900 to 1920, the American working class will gather in honky tonks or juke joints to dance with the music played on a piano or jukebox. Webster Hall is credited as the first modern night club, built in 1886 and started as a "social hall", which originally served as a home for dance events and political activities. During Prohibition in the United States, nightclubs go underground as illegal speakeasy bars, with Webster Hall open, with rumors circulating about Al Capone's involvement and police bribes. With the withdrawal of the ban in February 1933, the night clubs were revived, such as the New York 21 Club, Copacabana, El Morocco and the Stork Club. The nightclubs feature great bands.

In Germany, perhaps the first discotheque is Scotch-Club. In Occupied France, jazz and bebop music, and jitterbug dance were banned by the Nazis as "the deteriorating American influence", so as a resistance, people met in a hidden dungeon called a discotheque where they dancing for jazz and swing music, played on a single turntable when a jukebox is not available. These discotheques are also protected by anti-Vichy youths called zazous. There is also underground discotheque in Nazi Germany protected by anti-Nazi youths called children swinging.

In Harlem, Connie's Inn and Cotton Club are popular places for white audiences. Before 1953 and a few years later, most bars and nightclubs use jukeboxes or mostly live bands. In Paris, at a club called Whiskey ÃÆ' Gogo, founded in 1947, RÃ © Â © gine laid the dance floor, illuminated the colored lights and replaced the jukebox with two turntables that he operated on his own so there would be no pause between music. The Whiskey ÃÆ' Gogo set the place of the standard elements of the modern post World War II discotheque -style nightclub.

In the late 1950s, several coffee bars in Soho introduced the afternoon dances and the most famous were Les Enfants Terribles at 93 Dean St. This original discotheque is not like a nightclub, as they are not licensed and serve very young people - mostly composed of French and Italians who work illegally, mostly in catering, to learn English as well as au pair girls from most of Europe West. In the early 1960s, Mark Birley opened a special discotheque member club, Annabel's, in Berkeley Square, London. In 1962, Peppermint Lounge in New York City became popular and was a place where go-go dancing originated. However, the first rock and roll generation preferred bars and bars to the nightclubs, and nightclubs did not reach mainstream popularity until the 1970s disco era. Sybil Burton opened the "Arthur" discotheque in 1965 on East 54th Street in Manhattan on the El Morocco nightclub site and became the first, hottest and hottest disco in New York City until 1969.

1970s: Disco

Disco is rooted in the underground club scene. During the early 1970s in New York City, disco clubs were places where oppressed or marginalized groups such as homosexuals, blacks, Latinos, Italians-Americans, and Jews could party without following the male or female dance protocol or club policy exclusive. Discotheque has a law where for every three men, there is one woman. This shifts the idea of ​​this post-heterosexual community, because women can be seen as a kind of gateway for men to advance their own experience without fear of being arrested under men's dancing law. Although the culture surrounding the disco is progressive in the dance pairs, the music is cross genre, and the urge to put the physical above is rational, the role of the female body appears to be placed in the role of safety net. It brings together people from different backgrounds. These clubs serve as a safe place for homosexual party attendees to dance peacefully and away from public scrutiny.

In the late 1970s, many major cities in the United States had discotion club scenes centered in discotheques, nightclubs and private loft parties where DJs played disco hits through powerful PA systems for dancers. The DJs play "... a seamless blend of recordings of long singles to keep people dancing through the night." Some of the most prestigious clubs have elaborate lighting systems that pulsate to the rhythm of music.

The disco genre has changed over the years. It is classified as a music genre and as a nightclub; and in the late seventies, the disco began to act as a safe place for social outcasts. The culture of this club from downtown New York, attended by different ethnic and economic backgrounds. It is an inexpensive activity to enjoy, and disco brings together many different minorities in a way never seen before; including in the gay and psychedelic communities. Finally music is what unites people.

Some cities have disco dance instructors or dance schools that teach people how to do popular disco dances such as "dance touch", "crowd" and "cha-cha-cha". There are also disco models worn by discotheque diners for a night out at their local disco, such as thin Halston dresses for women and shiny polyester Qiana shirts for men. Disco clubs and "... hedonistic loft party" have a club culture with many Italian-Americans, African Americans, gays and Hispanics.

In addition to the dance and fashion aspects of the disco club, there is also a growing drug subculture, especially for drugs that will enhance the dancing experiences with loud music and flashing lights, such as cocaine (nicknamed "blow"), amyl nitrite "poppers", and "... a classic 1970s classic drug Quaalude, which delayed motor coordination and turned one's arm and leg into Jell-O ". "The large amount of drugs swallowed in discotheques by newly liberated gay men results in the next cultural phenomenon of the disco era: the rise of promiscuity and public sex.While the dance floor is the main arena of seduction, sex usually takes place in the lower regions of the disco: the bathroom , exit stairs, and so on. In other cases, the disco becomes a kind of "main dish" in the hedonis menu for a night out. "

Famous discos of the 1970s included celebrity hangouts like Manhattan's Studio 54, operated by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager. Studio 54 is famous for the hedonism that goes on inside; balconies are known for sexual encounters, and drug use is rampant. The dance floor is adorned with a picture of "Man in the Moon" which includes an animated cocaine spoon. Another famous discotheque in the 1970s in New York City included Discovery Starship in Manhattan, at 350 West 42nd Street. The album covers of Saturday Night Band Come On and Dance, Dance feature two dancers in Starship Discovery One. Roseland's Ballroom, Xenon, The Loft, Paradise Garage, newly renovated Copacabana, and Aux Puces, one of the first gay disco bars. In San Francisco, there are Trocadero Transfer, I-Beam, and End Up.

In the early 1980s, the term "disco" was largely disliked in most English-speaking worlds.

1980s New York and London

During the 1980s, during the New Romantic movement, London had a vibrant nightclub scene, which included clubs like The Blitz, Bat Cave, Camden Castle and Club for Heroes. Both music and fashion embrace aesthetic movements. Bands include Depeche Mode, Yazoo, Human League, Duran Duran, Blondie, Eurythmics and Ultravox. Bands influenced by reggae include Boy George and Culture Club, and an electronic vibration band including Visage. In London nightclubs, young men often wear make-up and young women will wear menswear.

The largest cities in England such as Leeds (The Orbit), Newcastle, Liverpool (Quadrant Park and 051), Swansea, Manchester (The HaÃÆ'§ienda) and some major European places such as Paris (Les Bains Douches), Ibiza (Pacha) Rimini etc. also plays an important role in the evolution of clubbing, DJ culture and nightlife.

Significant nightclubs in New York at that time were Area, Danceteria, and The Limelight.

1990s, 2000s, and 2010s

In Europe and North America, nightclubs play disco-influenced dance music such as house music, techno, and other dance music styles such as electronica, breakbeat and trance. Most nightclubs in major US cities have early adult clients, playing hip-hop, pop-dance, house, and/or trance music. These clubs are generally the largest and most frequented of all different club types. The emergence of "superclub" creates a global phenomenon, with Juliana's Tokyo (Japan), Ministry of Sound (London), Cream (Liverpool) and Pacha (Ibiza)

Techno clubs are popular all over the world since the early 1990s. Notable examples of the 1990s include Tresor, E-Werk and Bunker in Berlin, Omen and Dorian Gray in Frankfurt, Ultraschall, KW - Das Heizkraftwerk and Natraj Temple in Munich, Stammheim in Kassel, and The HaÃÆ'§ienda in Manchester. The famous precursor is also the home clubhouse in Chicago (1977-1982). Since the late 2000s, two places that received very high media attention were Berghain in Berlin and Fabric in London.

In other languages, nightclubs are sometimes still referred to as "disco" or "discotheque" (German: Disco or Diskothek (expired; current: Club ); French: discothÃÆ'¨que ; Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish: discoteca, (common in Mexico), and boliche (common in Argentina, Uruguay and Paraguay), disco commonly used in all others in Latinamerica). In Japanese ????, disuko refers to an older, smaller, less fashionable place; while ???, kurabu refers to a newer, larger, more popular place. The term night is used to refer to a night focusing on a particular genre, such as "retro music night" or "single night." In Hong Kong and China, nightclubs are used as euphemism for the host club, and the term association with the sex trade has eliminated the use of the term on a regular basis.

The latest trend in the North American nightclub industry, Australia and Europe is the use of video. VJ ("video jockey") mixes video content in the same way as DJs mix audio content, creating a visual experience intended to complement the music.

Maps Nightclub

Repeating features

Club nights

Many clubs have repeated night clubs on different days of the week. Bangface music festival, for example, started as a nightclub. Most club nights focus on a particular genre or sound for branding effects.

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Entry criteria

Many nightclubs use guards to choose who can enter the club, or a special lounge or VIP area. Some expensive nightclubs have a group of guards to screen clients to enter at the main door, and then another guard to filter into other dance floors, lounges or VIP areas. For legal reasons, in most jurisdictions, guards should check IDs to ensure that potential customers are of legal drinking age and that they are not drunk already. In this case, the use of nightclub guards is no different from the use of goalkeepers by pubs and sports bars. However, in expensive high-end nightclubs, screen guards can filter customers using criteria other than age and poisoning status: dress code and guest list.

This type of screening is used by clubs to make their club "exclusive", by refusing to get into people who are not dressed in a fairly stylish manner. While some clubs have written dress code, like no torn jeans, no jeans, no gang clothes, and so, other clubs may not post their policies. Thus, club keepers can refuse entry to anyone at their discretion. The guest list is usually used for private parties and events held by celebrities. At private parties, the hosts only want their friends to attend. At a celebrity event, the host may expect the club to be attended only by A-list individuals; in this way, famous guests can avoid having to deal with fans from the general public asking to have a selfie photo with them.

Additional charges

In most cases, entering a nightclub requires a fixed fee, called an additional fee. Some clubs release or reduce additional fees for early arrivals, special guests or women (in the UK the latter option is illegal under the 2010 Equity Ordinance, but laws are rarely enforced, and open violations are frequent). Friends of the doorman or club owner can get free admission. Sometimes, especially in the bigger clubs in continental European countries, people only get a paycheck at the entrance, where all the money spent on discotheques (often including entrance fees) is marked. Sometimes, entrance fees and changing room fees are paid with cash, and only drinks in clubs are paid using payment cards.

Some clubs, especially those located in Las Vegas, offer customers the opportunity to register on their Guest List. Club guests' list is a special promotion that is offered by a separate venue from the general admission ticket. Each club has different benefits when you sign up on their guest list. Some of the benefits of being on the club's guest list are: free admission, additional discounted fees, the ability to skip lines, and free drinks. Many clubs hire promotional teams to find and register guests to the club's Guest Register. There are several online service companies that offer guest list sign ups for several places, such as Nightlife Q.

Dress code

Many nightclubs apply dress code to ensure that certain types of customers are present at the venue. Some high-end clubs prohibit participants from wearing sneakers or jeans while other nightclubs will advertise a dress code "dressed too prominently" that allows carers to discriminate as they wish to enter the club.

Many exceptions are made for nightclub dress codes, with rejected entry usually reserved for the most striking rule breakers or those deemed unsuitable for a party. Certain nightclubs such as benign nightclubs can apply dress code (BDSM) only for dress code only leather or rubber. The clothing code criteria are often the reasons for discriminatory practices, as in the case of Carpenter v. Limelight Entertainment Ltd.

Exclusive boutique club

The major cosmopolitan cities that are home to large affluent populations (such as Atlanta, Chicago, Sydney, Los Angeles, Melbourne, Miami, New York City and London) often have what is known as an exclusive boutique nightclub. This type of club typically has a capacity of less than 200 residents and a very strict entry policy, which usually requires participants to be on the club's guest list. Although not explicitly members of only clubs, such as Soho House, exclusive nightclubs operate with the same level of exclusivity. Because they are off limits to most people and ensure guests' privacy, many celebrities like this type of club in other less exclusive clubs that do not meet their needs.

Another distinguishing feature of exclusive nightclubs is, in addition to being known for certain types of music, they are known to have certain types of people, for example, advanced, wealthy, or crowd people with high fashion concentration. model. Many exclusive boutique clubs market themselves as a place to socialize with models and celebrities. Rich customers who find that interesting marketing messages are often willing to buy bottle service with markup several times the retail cost of liquor. London's most exclusive boutique nightclubs include Amika, Cirque le Soir, Projects, Boxes, and The Rose Club. They are often visited by a group of A-list celebrities from the fashion, movie and music industry. All located in prestigious Mayfair in London, except Cirque le Soir and The Box, both located in Soho.

Guest list

Many night clubs operate a "guest list" which allows certain participants to enter the club for free or at a reduced rate. Some nightclubs have a wide selection of unpublished guest lists ranging from free, to reduced, to full price with only line bypass privileges. Nightclub visitors on the guest list often have separate queues and sometimes entrances separate from those used by participants who pay the full price. It is common for a guest list no shorter or even longer than a full payment queue or ticket. Some nightclubs allow clubbers to sign up for guest lists through their website. There are several online service companies that offer guest list sign ups for several places, such as a company based in Las Vegas Nightlife Q.

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Photography

In upscale or exclusive nightclubs, professional photographers will take photos of customer publicity, for use in commercials for nightclubs. Digital SLR cameras and speed flash units are commonly used. Concert photography and event photography are used to give clubgoers a memorable memory in addition to the promotional material used by the club. For several years, some nightclubs and especially techno clubs have pursued strict no-photo policies to protect the clubbing experience, and visitor camera camera lenses are affixed with stickers when someone enters the venue.

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Security

Most nightclubs employ guard teams, who have the power to restrict entry to clubs and remove people. Some guards use hand-held metal detectors to prevent weapons from being taken to the club. Guards often drive visitors who bring drugs to the place. The guard counts the number of people admitted to the club to prevent violations of the code of ethics and fire, and also enforces club-clad codes, often accepting bribes to let people jump in line. Many clubs have a special balcony area for security teams to keep tabs on clubbers.

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Serious incident

• September 20, 1929: Fire Club Study of 1929, the fire of an early dance club that killed 22 people in Detroit, Michigan, USA
• April 23, 1940: Rhythm Night Club Fire, 209 killed in nightclub fire in Natchez, Mississippi, USA
• November 28, 1942: Cocoanut Grove fire, 492 killed in nightclub fire in Boston, Massachusetts, USA
• November 1, 1970: Cinq-Sept Club fires at a nightclub outside the town of Saint-Laurent-du-Pont, IsÃÆ'¨re in southeastern France; 146 people killed
• March 8, 1973: Whiskey Au Go Go fire, 15 killed after bombing at Fortitude Valley, Brisbane, Australia
• August 2, 1973: Summer disaster, 51 killed in a fire at the Summerland recreation center in Douglas, Isle of Man
• May 28, 1977: Beverly Hills Supper Club fire, 165 dead and 200 injured in nightclub fire at Southgate, Kentucky, USA
• February 14, 1981: Stardust fire disaster, 48 dead and 214 injured in nightclub fire in Dublin, Republic of Ireland
• March 25, 1990: Happy Land fire, 87 dead in a nightclub fire at Happy Land, The Bronx, New York City
• December 20, 1993: Kheyvis Fire, 17 dead in a nightclub fire in Buenos Aires, Argentina
• March 18, 1996: Ozone Disco Club Fire, 162 dead and 92 wounded in a nightclub in Quezon City, Philippines
• October 30, 1998: Gothenburg eclipse fires, 63 people killed, 200 injured in nightclub fires in Gothenburg, Sweden
• June 1, 2001: The suicide bombing at the Dolphinarium discotheque in Tel Aviv, Israel
• October 12, 2002: 2002 The Bali Bombing, 202 killed by a large bomb
• December 7, 2002: Fire Cowgate, Edinburgh, Scotland
• February 17, 2003: 2003 E2 nightclub stadium, Chicago, Illinois, 21 dead and more than 50 injured
• February 20, 2003: Fire Station Nightclub, 100 killed at nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island
• December 30, 2004: RepÃÆ'ºblica CromaÃÆ' Â ± ÃÆ'³n nightclub fire, 194 killed and 714 injured in nightclub fire in Buenos Aires, Argentina
• June 18, 2007: Gatecrasher One Fire, Sheffield, England
• January 1, 2009: Santika Club fire at Santika Club in Watthana, Bangkok, Thailand, 61 dead and at least 212 injured
• December 5, 2009: Lame Horse fire, Lame Horse nightclub fire killed at least 155 people and injured 79 others in Perm, Russia.
• January 27, 2013: The nightclub kiss, 242 died in a raid in Brazil
• October 30, 2015: Colectiv nightclub fire, 55 dead and 180 injured in Romania
• June 12, 2016: 49 people were killed in an attack on Pulse nightclub in Orlando, Florida
• January 1, 2017: At least 35 people killed in attack at nightclub Reina in Istanbul, Turkey

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See also

• Dance room
• Dance music
• Dance party
• Go-go dancing
• Nightclub acts
• Rave
• Entertainment outline

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References

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External links

• Media related to Night Clubs on Wikimedia Commons
• Discos travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Nightclub guides from Wikivoyage

Source of the article : Wikipedia