The Prime Minister of Canada is the chief minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus the head of the Canadian government, in charge of advising the Canadian king or the Governor-General of Canada on the exercise of the executive powers granted by the constitution. Not outlined in any constitutional document, the office only exists in accordance with the old convention (originating from the former colonial Canadian, British empire) which establishes the vice-king, the governor-general, to choose as prime minister the person most likely to govern. the trust of the elected House of Commons; This individual is usually the leader of a political party that holds the largest number of seats in the room. The Prime Minister of Canada is designated as "The Right Honorable" (French: single span Le TrÃÆ'¨s Honorable ), privileges retained lifetime..
Currently, and 23, the Canadian Prime Minister is Justin Trudeau's Liberal Party, which was appointed on November 4, 2015, by Governor-General David Johnston, following the election that took place that year.
Video Prime Minister of Canada
Home from office
The position of the prime minister is not outlined in the Canadian constitutional document and is only mentioned in passing in the Constitution Act, 1982, and Patent Letters, 1947 issued by King George VI. The office and its functions are even governed by constitutional conventions and modeled in the same office in England.
Maps Prime Minister of Canada
Qualifications and selection
The prime minister, along with other ministers in the cabinet, was appointed by the governor-general on behalf of the king. However, by a responsible government convention, designed to maintain administrative stability, the governor-general will call to form the government of the individual most likely to receive the support, or belief, of the majority of directly elected members of the Assembly; as a practical matter, these are often party leaders whose members form a majority, or a very large plurality, Members of Parliament (MPs).
Although there is no legal requirement for the prime minister to become a member of parliament, for practical and political reasons, the prime minister is expected to win seats very quickly. However, in rare circumstances people who are not sitting members of the House of Representatives have been appointed to the position of prime minister. Two former prime ministers - Sir John Joseph Caldwell Abbott and Sir Mackenzie Bowell - served in the 1890s while members of the Senate. Both, in their role as Senate Leaders, succeeded the deceased prime minister in office - John A. Macdonald in 1891 and John Sparrow David Thompson in 1894. The convention has evolved towards the appointment of interim leaders of the commons in such a scenario.
Prime ministers who are not Members of Parliament on their appointment (or who have lost their seats in office) have since been expected to seek general elections together as soon as possible. For example, William Lyon Mackenzie King, having lost his seat in the 1925 federal election (that his party won), briefly "ruled from the hall" before winning elections a few weeks later. Similarly, John Turner succeeded Pierre Trudeau as leader of the Liberal Party in 1984 and was later appointed prime minister while not occupying a seat in the House of Commons; Turner won the race in the next election but the Liberal Party was swept away by power. Turner is the prime minister who serves the last to not hold a common chair.
If a prime minister serving today loses his seat in the legislature, or if the newly appointed prime minister has no seat, a common process is that a junior member in a ruling political party will resign to allow the prime minister to run in elections interrupt. A safe seat is usually chosen; While Liberal and Conservative parties have traditionally observed a convention that does not run candidates against other party's new leaders in the mid-term elections, the New Democratic Party and smaller political parties usually do not follow the same conventions. However, if the ruling party chooses a new leader shortly before the election is due, and the new leader is not a member of the legislature, he will usually wait for the upcoming elections before running for parliament.
In a poll conducted by Ipsos-Reid following the 40th parliament's first prorogation on December 4, 2008, it was found that 51% of the sample group thought that the prime minister was elected directly by Canadians.
Office period
The Prime Minister of Canada serves the pleasure of Her Majesty, which means the office has no fixed term. After being appointed and sworn by the governor-general, the prime minister remains at the office until he resigns, is dismissed, or dies. Parliamentary life is limited by the constitution to five years and, although the governor-general may still, on the advice of the prime minister, dissolve parliament and issue election posts before the date mandated by Canada's election law; The King-Byng event is the only time since the Confederation that the governor-general considers it necessary to deny the prime minister's request for an election. In 2007, with amendments to the Election Law, Section 56.1 (2) was amended to limit the term of the majority rule to four years, with election day set as the third Monday in October of the fourth calendar year following the date of the vote.
After the dissolution of parliament, the prime minister must run in elections if he wants to keep a seat in the House of Commons. If the prime minister party wins the majority of seats in the House of Representatives, there is no need to re-appoint the prime minister or swear him into office. However, if the opposition party wins the majority of seats, the prime minister may resign or be dismissed by the governor-general. Should the prime minister party reach a minority while the opposition party wins the plurality (ie, more seats than the other party but less than the majority), the prime minister may try to defend the trust of the House by forming coalitions with other minority parties. This option was last entertained in 1925.
Since the prime minister, in practice, is a member of Canada's most politically powerful government, he is sometimes mistakenly named Canada's head of state, when in fact it is held by the Canadian king, represented by the governor-general. Instead, the prime minister is the head of government and is responsible for advising the Crown Prince on how to use the Royal Prerogatives and his executive powers, governed by his constitutions and conventions. However, the function of the prime minister has evolved with increasing power. Today, in accordance with the doctrine of constitutional monarchy, the advice given by the prime minister is usually binding, which means the prime minister effectively carries out tasks deemed to have originated from sovereign or governor-general, leaving the latter to act in ceremonial ceremonial fashion. Thus, the prime minister, backed by the Prime Minister's Office (PMO), controls the appointment of many key figures in the Canadian government system, including the governor-general, the Cabinet, Supreme Court justices, senators, heads of crown companies, ambassadors for foreign countries, lieutenant governors provinces, and about 3,100 other positions. Furthermore, the prime minister plays an important role in the legislative process - with a majority of the bill placed before parliament coming from the Cabinet - and the leadership of the Canadian Armed Forces.
Pierre Trudeau was credited with, during his tenure as prime minister between 1968 and 1984, consolidating power in the PMO, which itself was filled by political and administrative staff elected at the prime minister's discretion and irresponsible to parliament. At the end of the 20th and 21st centuries, analysts - such as Jeffrey Simpson, Donald Savoie, Andrew Coyne, and John Gomery - argued that both parliament and cabinet had been defeated by the prime minister's power; Savoie writes: "The Canadian prime minister has little institutional examination, at least in government, to hamper his ability to get his way." Indeed, the position has been described as undergoing "presidentialization", to the point that the petahana are publicly more brilliant than the actual head of state (and the prime minister's husband is sometimes called "the First Lady of Canada"). Former governor-general Adrienne Clarkson alluded to what he saw as the "unspoken competition" that developed between the prime minister and the Crown. It has been theorized that as in Canada because its parliament has less influence on executives than in other countries with the Westminster parliamentary system; in particular, Canada has fewer lawmakers, higher turnover rates after each election, and the Americanized system of electing political party leaders, making them accountable for party membership rather than caucuses, as in Britain.
There is indeed an examination of the prime minister's power: collective property may deprive him of his trust in a prime minister and Cabinet or a caucus rebellion can quickly depose the prime minister and even a mere threat of such action may persuade or force the prime minister to resign. post, as happened with Jean ChrÃÆ' Â © tien. The 2014 Reform Act, codified the process by which the caucus can trigger a review of party leaders and, if necessary, elect a temporary leader, thereby making the prime minister more accountable to MPs in his party. Caucus may choose to follow these rules, although a decision will be made with a recorded voice, thus subjecting the party's choice to public scrutiny.
The Senate may delay or obstruct the legislation proposed by the Cabinet, such as when Brian Mulroney's bill created the Goods and Services Tax (GST) to come before the upper house and, given Canada's federal nature, the jurisdiction of the federal government is limited to regions defined by the constitution. Furthermore, since the constitutional powers are constitutionally in the hands of the king, which means that the Royal Prerogatives belong to the Crown and not to one of the ministers, the supremacy of sovereignty over the prime minister in the constitutional order is thus seen as a "rejection of pretense". the elected: As has been said, when the Prime Minister bowed before the Queen, he bowed before us [the Canadians]. "Whether the sovereign or his governor-general can oppose the will of the prime minister in extreme crisis situations.At the end of the time as governor-general, Adrienne Clarkson states:" My constitutional role has been lying in the so-called 'reserve power': ensuring that there is a prime minister and government in place, and exercising the right 'to encourage, to advise, and to warn' [...] Without really revealing any secrets, I can tell you that I have done all three. "
Privileges
Two official residences were given to the prime minister - 24 Sussex Drive in Ottawa and Harrington Lake, a retreat in Gatineau Park - also an office in the Office of the Prime Minister and Advisory Board (formerly known as the Langevin Block), opposite Parliament Hill. For transportation, the prime minister is given an armored car and the joint use of two official aircraft - a Polaris CC-150 for international flights and Challenger 601 for domestic travel. The Royal Canadian Mounted Police also provides constant personal security for the prime minister and his family. All of the mentioned was supplied by the Queen-in-Council through a budget approved by parliament, such as the annual compensation of the prime minister of CAD $ 347,400. The Prime Minister's total compensation consists of House of Commons Basic Session Indemnity members of $ 172,400, Prime Minister's salary CAD $ 172,400, and Prime Minister Car Allowance for CAD $ 2000.
If a servant or former prime minister dies, he will be granted state funeral, where their coffin is located in the state of Parliament Hill's Central Block. Only Bowell and Viscount Bennett were given a private funeral, Bennett was also the only former Canadian prime minister who died and was buried abroad and Bowell was the only one whose funeral was not attended by politicians. John Thompson also died outside Canada, in Windsor Castle, where Queen Victoria permitted her deception before her body was returned to Canada for state funeral in Halifax.
In previous years, it had become a tradition for the king to give knighthood to the newly appointed Canadian prime minister. Therefore, some carry the prefix sir before their name; of the first eight prime ministers in Canada, only Alexander Mackenzie rejected the honor of a knight of Queen Victoria. However, after Nickle's 1919 Resolution, it goes against a non-binding policy for the authorities to grant honorary titles to Canadians; the last prime minister to be a knight was Sir Robert Borden, who was prime minister at the time of Nickle's Resolution debated in the House of Commons. However, Bennett in 1941, six years after he resigned as prime minister, was appointed to a noble title by King George VI as Viscount Bennett, from Mickleham in County Surrey and from Calgary and Hopewell in Dominion of Canada.
The Canadian Heraldic Authority (CHA) has given the former prime minister an increase of honor on the personal emblem of those who pursue them. The heraldic badge, referred to by the CHA as a mark of the Canadian Prime Minister, consists of four red maple leaves joined on a stem in the white plane ("Argent four maple leaves attached to the cross on the Gules stem"); The augmentation, so far, has been given either as an evil canton or centered on the head. To date, former prime minister Joe Clark, Pierre Trudeau, John Turner, Brian Mulroney, and Kim Campbell were given weapons with augmentation.
Address style
Canada continues the tradition of Westminster using the title of Prime Minister when one speaks to the head of the federal government directly; This is in contrast to US protocols dealing with federal heads of government as mister (as in, Mister President); The Canadian Heritage Department recommends that it is incorrect to use the term Prime Minister . The written form of a speech to the prime minister should use his full title as a member of parliament: Honorable [name], [post-nominal letter], Prime Minister of Canada . However, while in the House of Commons during the Question Period, other MPs may speak with the prime minister as the Honorable, Member for [the horse prime minister] or only the Honorable Prime Minister The former prime minister retains the honorable prefix for the rest of their lives; should they remain seated as parliamentarians, they may be referred to as the Right Rewards for Horsemen under the title of their portfolios (if designated as one), as in the Defense Ministerial National Defense .
In the decades after the Confederation, it was common practice to name the prime minister as the Prime Minister of Canada, a habit that continued until the First World War, around the time of Robert Premiership. While contemporary sources will still speak of the prime minister of Canada as prime, the modern practice is such that the head of the federal government is known almost exclusively as prime minister, while the head of government the province is called the prime minister (except in Quebec and New Brunswick, where the prime minister is handled in French as Premier ministre du [province] , literally translated as Prime Minister [province] ).
Prime Minister-designated Canada
Prime Minister-designated CanadaThe prime minister who appoints Canada refers to a person who has been appointed future prime minister by the Governor-General, after winning elections, establishing confidence and supplying the government, or forming a coalition government. This term does not apply to the current prime minister.
Post-commission activities
After leaving the office, the former Canadian prime minister has been involved in various activities. Some remain in politics: Bowell continues to serve as a senator, Stephen Harper returns to the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament behind, and Bennett moves to England after being appointed to the House of Lords. Some people lead the Faithful Opposition in the Canadian parliament: John A. Macdonald, Arthur Meighen, Mackenzie King and Pierre Trudeau, all before being reappointed as prime minister (Mackenzie King twice); Alexander Mackenzie and John Diefenbaker, both before sitting as regular Member of Parliament until their death; Wilfrid Laurier was dying while still in the post; and Charles Tupper, Louis St. Laurent, and John Turner, each before they return to personal business. Meighen was also appointed to the Senate after his second term as prime minister, but resigned from his seat to seek re-election and move to private company after failing to win a horse. Following Meighen into civilian life are: Robert Borden, who served as Queen and McGill University Chancellor, and worked in the financial sector; Lester B. Pearson, acting as Chancellor of Carleton University; Joe Clark and Kim Campbell, who became university professors, Clark is also a consultant and Campbell works in international diplomacy and as director of private companies and heads of interest groups; while Pierre Trudeau and Jean ChrÃÆ' © © tien returned to legal practice. Former prime ministers also usually write autobiographies - Tupper, for example - or publish their memoirs - such as Diefenbaker and Paul Martin.
See also
- List of Prime Ministers of Canada
- The history of Canada's prime minister
- List of Canadian Prime Ministers with long life
- List of Prime Minister of Canada based on time in office
- The Prime Minister of Canada in popular culture
- List of books on the Prime Minister of Canada
- List of Prime Ministers Queen Victoria
- List of Prime Ministers of King Edward VII
- List of Prime Ministers of King George V
- List of Prime Ministers King Edward VIII
- List of Prime Ministers of King George VI
- List of Prime Ministers of Queen Elizabeth II
Note
References
External links
- The official government website of the Prime Minister's Office
- Canadian Prime Minister on YouTube
- Canadian Parliament Library
- Best Canadian Prime Minister: 2011 Maclean article
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments