The term alien abduction or the abduction phenomenon describes "real subjective recollections taken secretly against the will of a person by an apparently inhuman entity and undergoes complex physical and psychological procedures". People who claim to be kidnapped are usually called "abductees" or "abusers". Typical claims involve being subjected to a forced medical examination that emphasizes the reproductive system of abductees. Abductees sometimes claim to have been warned against environmental harassment and the dangers of nuclear weapons.
Because of the lack of objective physical evidence, most scientists and mental health professionals ignore this phenomenon as "fraud, suggestibility (fantasy-affection, hypnotism, false memory syndrome), personality, sleep paralysis, psychopathology, psychodynamics [and] environmental factors". Skeptic Robert Sheaffer sees the similarities between aliens depicted in science fiction films, especially, Invaders From Mars, and some of them are reported to have kidnapped people.
The most widely publicized alleged alien abduction claims were the kidnapping of Betty and Barney Hill in 1961. Reports of the abduction phenomenon have been made worldwide, but most commonly in English-speaking countries, especially the United States. The content of the abduction narrative often appears to be different from that of the person suspected of being a kidnapper.
Video Alien abduction
Overview
The mainstream scientist rejects the claim that the phenomenon actually happened as reported. However, there is little doubt that many seemingly stable people who report alien abductions believe that their experience is real. As reported in the Harvard University Gazette in 1992, Dr. John E. Mack reports that of the 60 kidnapping cases he claimed to have done, that after a battery of psychological tests, "no psychiatry or psychosocial explanation for these reports is proven.These people are not mentally ill.He has spent countless hours of therapy calculated with these people only to discover that what surprised him was the 'custom' of the population, including a restaurant owner, some secretaries, a prison guard, a student, a university administrator, and some housewives... 'The majority of abductees apparently deceived, divorced, lying, self-dramatizing, or suffering from a clear mental illness, 'he maintains. "" While psychopathology is indicated in some cases of isolated alien abduction, "Stuart Appelle et al. confirmed, "assessments by both clinical examination and standardized tests have shown that, as a group, the abduction experience does not differ from the general population in terms of the prevalence of psychopathology." Other experts who argue that the mental health of the kidnappers are no better or worse than the average including psychologist John Wilson and Rima Laibow, and psychotherapist David Gotlib.
Some kidnapping reports are pretty detailed. A subculture has evolved around the subject, with support groups and detailed myths explaining the reason for the abduction: A variety of aliens (Grays, Reptilians, "Nordics" and so on) are said to have specific roles, origins, and motivations. The kidnappers do not always try to explain the phenomenon, but some researchers take the interest of independent research themselves and explain the lack of greater awareness about the alien abduction as a result of outside interests or government in cover-up. Mack has cited more worldly reasons for the lack of general awareness of the data: "The most intense demand for alternative explanations tends to come from those unfamiliar with the rich complexity of the abduction phenomenon, or from those so attached to a worldview" that they discover the phenomenon prima facie is not acceptable.
Maps Alien abduction
History
While "alien abductions" did not reach widespread attention until the 1960s, there are many similar stories that circulated decades earlier. Accounts like this initial abduction have been dubbed "paleo-kidnappings" by UFO researchers, Jerome Clark. In the November 27, 1896 edition of Stockton, California The Daily Mail, Colonel HG Shaw claimed that he and a friend were harassed by three slender and tall humanoids whose bodies were covered with fine, fluffy hair who tried to kidnap the couple.
Two landmark cases
Early alien abduction claims occurred in the mid-1950s with the case of Antonio Vilas Boas, who did not get much attention until several years later.
Widespread publicity was generated by the kidnapping case of Betty and Barney Hill in 1961, culminating in a television-made broadcast in 1975 (starring James Earl Jones and Estelle Parsons) who dramatized the event. The Hill incident is probably a prototypical abduction case and probably the first in which depictions describe creatures that became widely known as Gray and where the creatures were said to explicitly identify the origin of outer space.
Although these two cases are sometimes seen as the earliest abductions, skeptical Peter Rogerson notes that they are only the first canonical canonical cannon case , creating a template that was later kidnapped and researchers will filter but rarely deviate from. In addition, Rogerson noted the acknowledged kidnapping cited at least as early as 1954, and that "the growth of the abduction story is a far more complicated matter than the 'completely unplanned' official history that we will believe. (The phrase "wholly unkempt" appears in the folklore study of Thomas E. Bullard about alien abduction, he argues that alien abduction as reported in the 1970s and 1980s has little precedent in folklore or fiction.)
Next development
R. Leo Sprinkle, a psychologist at the University of Wyoming, became interested in the kidnapping phenomenon of the 1960s. For several years, he may be the only academic figure devoting time to studying or researching kidnappings. Sprinkle to be sure about the actuality of phenomenon, and perhaps the first to show the relationship between abduction and livestock removal. Eventually Taburi came to believe that he had been abducted by an alien in his youth; he was forced from his work in 1989.
Budd Hopkins has been interested in UFOs for several years. In the 1970s he was interested in kidnapping reports, and started using hypnosis to extract more of the vague events he remembered. Hopkins soon became the leading figure of an increasing abduction subculture.
The 1980s brought major attention to this subject. The works of Hopkins, novelist Whitley Strieber, historian David M. Jacobs and psychiatrist John E. Mack present alien abduction as an original phenomenon. Also noted in the 1980s was the publication of Dr.'s comparative analysis. Thomas E. Bullard of nearly 300 suspected abductees.
With Hopkins, Jacobs and Mack, the story of alien abduction becomes a prominent aspect of ufology. There have been previous abduction reports (Hill being the best known), but they are believed to be few and far between, and see little attention from ufology (and even less attention from mainstream professionals or academics). Jacobs and Hopkins argue that alien abductions are much more common than previously thought; they estimate that tens of thousands (or more) North Americans have been taken by unexplained creatures.
Furthermore, Jacobs and Hopkins argue that there is an ongoing elaborate process in which aliens seek to create human alien hybrids, the most advanced stage in which the "human hybridization program" is known as hubrid, although the motive for this effort is unknown. There are anecdotal reports of ghost pregnancies associated with UFO meetings at least as early as the 1960s, but Budd Hopkins and especially David M. Jacobs were instrumental in popularizing the idea of ​​widespread systematic crossbreeding efforts on the part of foreign intruders.
The description of alien encounters as studied and presented by Hopkins, Jacobs and Mack is similar, with little difference in the emphasis of each researcher; the selective citation process of abductee interviews in favor of this variation is sometimes criticized - although abductees who present their own accounts directly, like Whitley Strieber, have fared no better.
The involvement of Jacobs and Mack marks something of a sea change in the abduction study. Their efforts are controversial (both men see some level of damage to their professional reputation), but to other observers, Jacobs and Mack bring a degree of honor to the subject.
John E. Mack
Matheson writes that "if Jacobs's credentials are memorable," then those of Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack may seem "perfect" in comparison. Mack is a well-known and highly respected psychiatrist, author of over 150 scientific articles and Pulitzer Prize winners for the biography of T. Lawrence. Mack became interested in phenomena in the late 1980s, interviewed over 800 people, and eventually wrote two books on the subject.
Mack devotes much time to investigating such cases and finally concludes that the only phenomenon in psychiatry that adequately describes the patient's symptoms in some of the most interesting cases is post-traumatic stress disorder. As he noted at the time, this would imply that the patient really believed that a frightening event he remembered had really happened - a position that Mack supported.
In June 1992, Mack and physicist David E. Pritchard organized a five-day conference at MIT to discuss and debate the phenomenon of the abduction. The conference attracted many professionals, representing multiple perspectives. As their gratitude for their efforts to focus scientific attention on the simple phenomenon of "kidnapping" by organizing this conference, Mack and Jacobs were awarded the Nobel Prize Ig in 1993.
Author C. D. B. Bryan attended the conference, initially intending to collect information for a short humor article for The New Yorker. While attending the conference, however, Bryan's view of the subject changed, and he wrote a serious, open-minded book about the phenomenon, as well as interviewing many kidnappers, skeptics, and supporters.
Abductees
The exact number of abductees is uncertain. One of the earliest studies on abductions found 1,700 plaintiffs, while contested surveys argue that 5-6 percent of the general population may have been abducted.
Demographics
In a study investigating the motivation of suspected abductors, Jenny Randles found that in each of 4 cases out of 50 in total who experienced more than 40 years, they were rejected by aliens because "what they (the experienced) are usually inferred as a medical reason. "Randles concluded" [T] he kidnapping is basically a young man's experience. " Given the reproductive focus of the alleged abduction it is not surprising that a man reported being rejected because he had undergone a vasectomy. It could also be partly because people over the age of 40 are less likely to experience "hormones" or reproductive activity.
Although kidnappings and other UFO-related reports are usually made by adults, sometimes young people report similar experiences. These children's reports often feature very specific details similar to adult kidnapping reports, including circumstances, narratives, entities and the consequences of a suspected event. Often these abductees have family members who have reported being abducted. Family involvement in the military, or residence near military bases is also common among kidnap prosecutors.
Mental health
As a category, several studies have shown that abductees have psychological characteristics that make their suspect testimony, while others show that "as a group, the abduction experience does not differ from the general population in terms of psychopathological prevalence". Dr. Elizabeth Slater conducted a blind study of nine abductors and found that they were vulnerable to "light paranoia," nightmares and weak sexual identity, while Dr. Elizabeth Slater did a blind study. Richard McNally from Harvard Medical School concluded in a similar study of 10 abductees that "none of them suffer from psychiatric illness."
Paranormal
Suspected abductees are seen by many pro-abduction researchers to have a higher incidence of paranormal incidents and abstinence-related abilities. After the abduction experience, these paranormal abilities and events sometimes appear to be more pronounced. According to investigators Benton Jamison, his captor who reported the supposed UFO sightings, but not, reported by independent, corroborating independent witnesses often appears to be "psychic personality" in the sense of Jan Ehrenwald. Psychic Medium Danielle Egnew tells of some kidnapping experiences in her 2012 book True Tales of the True Weird, detailing the communication, technology, and methods of kidnapping more than one alien race.
Narrations of abduction
Although different cases vary in detail (sometimes significantly), some UFO researchers, such as folklorist Thomas E. Bullard argue that there is a broad and fairly consistent sequence and description of events that form a typical "typical fourth encounter" type (building designation which is popular but not official in the classification of Dr. J. Allen Hynek). Although the features described below are frequently reported, there is some disagreement about how often it actually happened.
Bullard argues that most abduction accounts show the following events. They generally follow the sequence mentioned below, although not all abductions show all events:
- Capture . The kidnapped man somehow could not resist, and was taken from the terrestrial environment to a visible foreign spaceship.
- Checks and Procedures . Invasive physiological and psychological procedures, and sometimes simulated behavioral situations, training & amp; testing, or sexual intercourse.
- Conference . The kidnappers communicate with the abductees or direct them to interact with certain individuals for some purpose, usually telepathically but occasionally using the original language of the abductee.
- Tour . The abductees were given a tour of their capture vessel, although this was disputed by some researchers who regarded this definition as a confabulation of intent when it appeared to be taken to several places on board.
- Losing Time . Abductors often quickly forget most of their experiences, either as a result of fear, medical intervention, or both.
- Back . The abductees are returned to the Earth, sometimes in locations different from where they are allegedly taken or with new injuries or unkempt clothes.
- Theophany . Along with their immediate return, the abductees may have a deep, "high" sense of love similar to that caused by certain drugs, or "mystical experiences," accompanied by a feeling of oneness with God, the universe, or the kidnappers they. Whether this is the result of metaphysical changes, Stockholm syndrome, or previous medical disorders is often not researched by abductees at the time.
- Aftermath . The kidnapped must address the psychological, physical, and social impacts of the experience.
When describing the "kidnapping scenario", David M. Jacobs said:
The entire kidnapping event is properly organized. All procedures are predetermined. No one stands up and decides what to do next. The creature is task-oriented and there is no indication whatsoever we can find from every aspect of their lives beyond doing the abduction procedure.
Capture
The abductor claimant reported an unusual feeling before the abduction experience. This feeling manifests as a compulsive desire to be in a certain place at a certain time or as the hope that something "already known but not known" is about to happen. The abductees also reported that they felt very anxious and unfocused at this point even though nothing has really happened yet. This hunching period can last up to several days before the abduction actually takes place or is completely absent.
Finally, the experienced will experience a clear "shift" into a state of altered consciousness. British abduction researchers have called this change in the awareness of the "Oz Factor." External voices no longer have meaning for those who experience and fall from perception. They report introspective feelings and are unbelievably calm. This stage marks the transition from normal activity to a state of "limited self-mobility." When consciousness shifts one or more lights are suspected to appear, sometimes accompanied by a strange fog. The source and nature of the lights are different from the reports; sometimes the light emanates from sources outside the home (possibly UFO abductors), sometimes the lights are in the bedroom by experiencing them and transforming into strange shapes.
When the alleged kidnappings took place, the complainants said that they would walk or be lifted to an alien plane, in the latter case often through solid objects such as walls, ceilings or closed windows. Or, they may experience a ride through the tunnel or along a beam of light, with or without the kidnappers accompanying them, into the waiting craft.
Checkout
The examination phase called "kidnapping narrative" is characterized by the execution of medical procedures and medical examinations by aliens who seem to oppose or escape their will. Such procedures often focus on sex and reproductive biology. However, the literature keeps a report of the various procedures allegedly performed by the creatures. Entities that appear to be responsible for operations are often higher than others involved, and are sometimes described as appearing to be different species.
Miller notes the various areas of emphasis between human medicine and what is reportedly practiced by the kidnappers. This may result from differences in the purpose of routine and/or medical examinations versus scientific examination of alien species, or it may be due to different technological levels that make some type of manual procedure unnecessary. The interest area of ​​the kidnappers looks like a skull, nervous system, skin, reproductive system, and to a lesser extent, joints. The systems given less attention than the human doctor will, or are completely eliminated, include the cardiovascular system, the pharyngeal lower respiratory system and the lymphatic system. The kidnappers also seem to ignore the upper abdominal area to support the lower. The kidnappers do not seem to wear gloves during "checks." Other constants of terrestrial drugs such as pills and tablets disappear from the abduction narrative although sometimes abductees are asked to drink fluids. The injections also seem rare and IV is almost nonexistent. Dr. Miller said he never heard a kidnap victim claiming to have a tongue depressant used on them.
Next abduction procedure
After what is called a medical examination, the kidnapped suspects often report other procedures performed with the entity. What is common among these post-examination procedures is what the kidnappers call imaging, imagining, staging, and testing.
The "Imaging" procedure consists of a kidnapped person made to see a screen displaying images and scenes that appear to be specifically chosen in order to provoke a specific emotional response in the abduction victim. "Imagining" is the same procedure, with the main difference being that the image being viewed, rather than on the screen, actually seems to be projected into the perpetrator's mind. The procedure "Staging" has kidnappers playing a more active role, according to a report containing this element. It shares mental visualization like a clear hallucination with the procedure of imagining, but during staging the abductees interact with illusion scenarios such as role players or actors.
"Testing" marks something contrary to the above procedure because it lacks features of emotional analysis. During the test, the experiencer is placed in front of a complex electronic device and ordered to operate it. Experiencing the flavor is often confused, saying that they do not know how to operate it. However, when they actually start doing the task, the kidnapped person will find that they really know how to operate the machine.
Presentation of children
Crimes of all ages and sexes sometimes report being subjected to "child presentations." As the name implies, the child's presentation involves the plaintiff kidnappers who are shown "children." Often children do not look human, or the same species as kidnappers. Instead, the child will almost always share the characteristics of the species both . These children are labeled by actors as hybrids between humans and their captors, usually Grays.
Unlike Budd Hopkins and David Jacobs, Thomas E. Bullard's folklorist was unable to identify the child's presentation phase in the abduction narrative, even after conducting research on 300 abduction reports. Bullard said that the presentation of the child "seems to be an innovation in the story" and that "there is no clear predecessor" for the description of the presentation phase of the child existed prior to popularization by Hopkins and Jacobs.
Less common elements
Bullard also studied 300 reports of alien abductions in an effort to observe less prominent aspects of the claim. He noted the emergence of four general categories of recurring events on a regular basis, though not as often as stereotypical events such as medical examinations. The four types of events are:
- Conference
- Tour
- Travel
- Theophany
Chronologically in the abduction report, this rare episode tends to occur in the order listed, between medical examination and return.
After allegedly displaying a cold indifference to the kidnappers, sometimes the entity will change drastically in behavior after the initial medical examination is over. They became more relaxed and friendly to their prisoners and took him out of the checkpoint. The entity then held a conference with the experienced, where they discussed matters relevant to the abduction phenomenon. Bullard notes five general categories of discussions that occurred during the "phase" of the reported abduction narrative conferences: Interrogation sessions, explanatory segments, task assignments, warnings, and prophecies.
The Tour of the kidnappers' plane is a rare but repetitive feature of the abduction narrative. This tour seems to be given by the kidnappers as courtesy in response to the harshness and the harshness of the medical examination. Sometimes reports of abductees travel " trips " into orbit around Earth or to other planets. Some abductees find the experience horrifying, especially if the alien is a more frightening species, or if the abductees are subjected to extensive testing and medical examinations.
Back
Eventually the kidnappers will return the abductees, usually to the exact location and circumstances they were before they were taken. Usually, explicit memories of abduction experience will not be present, and the kidnapped will only realize that they have experienced "lost time" after checking the watch.
Sometimes the alleged kidnappers made a mistake in returning their prisoners. Renowned UFO researcher Budd Hopkins has joked about "the cosmic application of Murphy's Law" in response to this observation. Hopkins estimates that this "mistake" accompanies 4-5 percent of abduction reports. One type of real error made by the kidnappers failed to return the repeater to the same place they took from the beginning. It can be as simple as a different room in the same house, or the kidnapped person can find themselves outside and all the doors of the house are locked from within. Another common (and funny) mistake is to place the victim's kidnap (eg pajama) clothes on the way back.
Event realization
Doctor and abductor John G. Miller sees significance in the reason someone will see themselves as victims of the abduction phenomenon. He defines a view or development that leads to a shift in the identity of the non-kidnapped person to kidnap the "realization event". The event of realization is often an unforgettable single experience, but Miller reports that not all the abducted people experience it as a different episode. Either way, the event realization can be considered a "clinical horizon" from the experience of kidnapping.
Trauma and recovery
Most people who claim alien abduction report an invasive examination of their bodies and some people consider psychological trauma as their experience. "Post abduction syndrome" is a term used by abductees to illustrate the effects of kidnapping, although it is not recognized by professional care organizations. People who have fake memories that make them believe they have been abducted by aliens experience symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. People who believe they have been kidnapped by foreigners usually have previous New Age beliefs, a living fantasy life, and suffered sleep paralysis, according to a 2003 study by Harvard University.
Support group
Supporting groups for people who believe they were kidnapped began to emerge in the mid-1980s. These groups appear throughout the United States, Canada and Australia.
The role of hypnosis
Many foreign abductees recall many of their abductions through hypnosis. Due to the widespread use of hypnosis and other manipulative methods, skeptics explain the abduction narrative as false memories and suggestions.
Arguments against the use of hypnosis
Suspected abduction victims are looking for hypnotherapists to try to solve problems such as time lost or unexplained physical symptoms such as muscle aches or headaches. This usually involves two phases, the stage of information gathering, in which the hypnotherapist asks about unexplained illnesses or unusual phenomena during a patient's life (caused by or alleged abduction abduction), followed by hypnosis and guided imagination to facilitate recall. Information gathering increases the likelihood that the events discussed will be incorporated into later "abduction" memories. Seven steps are hypothesized to lead to the development of fake memory:
- One tends to accept the idea that a confusing or inexplicable experience may be signs of UFO abduction.
- The person is looking for a therapist, whom he considers to be an authority and who, at the very least, accepts this explanation and has some prior intimacy with UFO kidnapping reports.
- Or, the therapist frames a confusing experience in terms of the abduction narrative.
- An alternative explanation of unexplored experience.
- There is an increased commitment to abduction explanations and an increase in anxiety reduction associated with a reduction in ambiguity.
- The therapist legitimizes or ratifies the experience of the abducteee, which is an additional positive reinforcement.
- The client adopts the role of "victim" or abductee, who becomes integrated into psychotherapy and the client's view of self.
Arguments for hypnosis use
Harvard psychiatrist John E. Mack answers this argument, stating, "It may be useful to reiterate that most of the material related to abduction is withdrawn without the use of altered states of consciousness, and that many abduction reporters appear to revive a strong experience after only the most minimal relaxation exercises, hardly justify the word hypnosis.Generation exercises are useful to alleviate the needs of participants to meet social demands and other stimuli of face-to-face conversation, and to alleviate the energy involved in suppressing memories and emotion. "
Perspective
There are various explanations offered for abduction phenomena, ranging from sharp skeptic judgments, uncritical acceptance of all claims of abductee, to demonological, to everything in between.
Some have chosen not to try to explain things, instead of noting similarities with other phenomena, or simply documenting the development of the alien abduction phenomenon.
Others are interested in the whole phenomenon, but are hesitant in making definite conclusions. Harvard psychiatrist, John E. Mack, concludes, "The furthest you can do at this point is to say there is an authentic mystery here and I think, as far as one should be. to go." (Emphasis as in the original ) Mack is not convinced by the slightest reply, however, and argues that a skeptical explanation naturally needs to "take into account the entire range of phenomena associated with the abduction experience," up to and including "lost time," the instant of UFO sighting, and the occurrence in children -little child.
Putting aside the question of whether the abduction report is literally and objectively "real", literary professor Terry Matheson argues that their fascinating popularity and appeal are easy to understand. The story of the abduction "is intrinsically absorbing, it is difficult to imagine a clearer description of human helplessness." After experiencing the pleasurable terror tremor that one might feel from reading a ghost story or watching a horror movie, Matheson notes that people "can return to a safe world from their home, safe in the knowledge that the phenomenon can not follow, but like a mythological abduction has declared almost from the beginning, there is no avoiding alien abductors. "
Matheson writes that when compared to previous contact reports, abduction accounts are distinguished by their "relative sophistication and subtlety, allowing them to enjoy better acceptance from the public."
Some authors say the abduction experience bears a resemblance to the 20th century pre-dated records of demonic manifestations, noting as many as a dozen similarities. One noteworthy example is the Orthodox monk Fr. Seraphim Rose, who devotes the entire chapter in his book of Orthodoxy and Future Religion to the UFO phenomenon and kidnapping, which, he concludes, is a manifestation of the devil.
Testimonial
Briefing researcher Brian Thompson claims that a nurse in his acquaintance reported that during 1957 in Cincinnati he met an entity of 3 feet (0.91 m) worship mantis two days after the appearance of a V-shaped UFO. This grasshopper-like creature reminds us of the insiptoid type entity that reported in multiple abduction accounts. He linked this report with colleague Leonard Stringfield. Stringfield told him about two cases in his archive where separate witnesses reported similar circumstances in the same place and year.
While some supported reports seem to support the literal reality of the abduction experience, others seem to support a psychological explanation for phenomenon origins. Jenny Randles and Keith Basterfield both noted at the 1992 MIT alien abduction conference that out of five cases they knew where a kidnappers were present at the beginning of the abduction experience, who experienced it "not physically going anywhere."
Brazilian researcher Gilda Moura reported a similar case, the Sueli case, from his home country. When UFO psychologist and researcher Don Donderi said that these cases were "proof of psychological process" that had nothing to do with physically abducting aliens, Moura replied "If Sueli's case is not kidnapping, I do not know what kidnapping anymore." Gilda Moura noted that in the case of Brazilian Sueli during the UFO abduction was observed. Later, he claims that people who experience eye burns, see light and seem to have residual poltergeist activity.
Attempts on confirmation
It has been argued that if the actual "flesh and blood" of aliens kidnap human beings, there must be some strong evidence that this happened. Proponents of the physical reality of the abduction experience have suggested ways that can reasonably justify the abduction report.
One of the procedures reported to occur during the suspected inquiry phase is the insertion of a tool such as a long needle to the navel of a woman. Some people speculate that this could be a laparoscopic form. If this is true, after the abduction there should be free gas in the woman's abdomen, which can be seen on x-rays. The presence of free gas will be very abnormal, and will help strengthen the claims of some sort of procedure performed on it.
Famous kidnapping claims
Prominent characters
See also
Footnote
Further reading
Bryan, C. D. B. (1995). Close Encounters of the Fourth Kind: Alien Abduction, UFO, and Conference at M.I.T . New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-679-42975-1.
External links
- Alien abduction in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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