Osama bin Laden, the founder and first leader of the al-Qaeda Islamist group, was killed in Pakistan on May 2, 2011 shortly after 01.00 am PKT (20:00 UTC, May 1) by the US Navy SEAL from the US. Naval Special Warfare Development Group (also known as DEVGRU or SEAL Team Six). The operation, code-named Operation Neptune Spear , was conducted in a CIA-led operation with the Joint Special Operations Command, commonly known as JSOC, which coordinated the Special Mission Unit involved in the attack. In addition to SEAL Team Six, the participating units under JSOC include 160 Flight Aviation Special Flight (Air Traffic) - also known as "Night Stalkers" - and operators from the Special Activities Division The CIA, which recruited many of the former Special Mission Unit JSOC. The operation ended a nearly 10-year search for bin Laden, following his role in the September 11 attacks on the United States.
The raids in the bin Laden complex in Abbottabad, Pakistan were launched from Afghanistan. US military officials say that after an attack US forces took bin Laden's body to Afghanistan for identification, then buried him at sea within 24 hours after his death in accordance with Islamic tradition.
Al-Qaeda confirmed the deaths on May 6 with a post made on the militant website, vowing to avenge the killing. Other Pakistani militant groups, including Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan, vowed revenge against the United States and against Pakistan for not preventing operations. The attack was supported by over 90% of the American public, welcomed by the United Nations, NATO, the European Union and a large number of governments, but condemned by others, including two-thirds of Pakistani society. The legal and ethical aspects of the killings, such as not being taken alive though unarmed, are questioned by others, including Amnesty International. Also controversial is the decision not to release any photographic or DNA evidence of bin Laden's death to the public.
In the aftermath of the assassination, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani formed a commission under Senior Judge Javed Iqbal to investigate the situation around the attack. The resulting Abbottabad Commission report, which reveals the "collective failure" of the Pakistani military and intelligence services that allowed Osama to hide in Pakistan for nine years, leaked to Al Jazeera on July 8, 2013.
Video Death of Osama bin Laden
Pencarian bin Laden
The story of how bin Laden was discovered by different US intelligence. The White House and CIA director John Brennan stated that the process began with a fragment of information unearthed in 2002, which resulted in years of investigation. This account states that in September 2010, these instructions followed a courier to the Abbottabad compound, where the US began intensive multiplatform monitoring. According to journalist Seymour Hersh and NBC News, however, the US was informed of Bin Laden's location by a Pakistani intelligence officer who offered details where the Pakistani Intelligence Service detained him in custody in return for his bounty.
ISI goes to bin Laden places in Abbottabad
In August 2010, a former Pakistani intelligence officer approached the head of the US embassy in Islamabad and offered to reveal the location of bin Laden, in return for a $ 25 million prize, according to a retired senior US intelligence official. The story is confirmed by two US intelligence officials who spoke with NBC News, and had previously been reported by intelligence analyst Raelynn Hillhouse. The Pakistani official told US intelligence that bin Laden had been placed by Pakistan's ISI in 2006, and has been held under house arrest near the Pakistani intelligence and military center since then. An official polygraph test, after which the US embarks on local surveillance and satellites from Abbottabad bin Laden's residence.
According to retired senior US intelligence officials who spoke to Hersh, bin Laden is ill at the moment, financially supported by some in Saudi Arabia, and kept by the ISI to manage their complicated ties with Pakistani and Afghan Islamist groups. According to official officials, retired CIA stresses the importance of sending bin Laden's couriers to the press, as they are nervous about torture and possible prosecution.
In May 2015 the German newspaper Bild am Sonntag reported that the German Federal Intelligence Service (BND) realized that bin Laden was in Pakistan with knowledge of the Pakistani intelligence services. BND told the CIA that bin Laden was in Pakistan and Bild am Sonntag declared that the CIA later found the "exact location" by courier. Der Spiegel questioned the veracity of the report, produced in the midst of the BND and NSA collaboration scandals.
The identity of the messenger
According to an earlier official version of the identification of a US official, the identification of al-Qaeda couriers was an initial priority for interrogators on the CIA black site and the Guantanamo Bay detention camp, as bin Laden is believed to communicate through the courier while hiding the presence of al-Qaeda and top commander. Bin Laden is known not to use the phone after 1998, when the US launched a missile strike against its base in Afghanistan in August by tracking its satellite partner telephone.
US officials have stated that in 2002, interrogators have heard unfamiliar claims about al-Qaeda courier with Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti (sometimes referred to as Sheikh Abu Ahmed of Kuwait). One such claim came from Mohammed al-Qahtani, a detainee interrogated for 48 days more or less continuously between 23 November 2002 and January 11, 2003. At some point during this period, al-Qahtani told an interrogator about a man known as Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti who is part of al-Qaeda's inner circle. Then in 2003, Khalid Sheikh Mohammed, allegedly head of al-Qaeda operations, stated that he knew al-Kuwaiti, but that the man was not active in al-Qaeda, according to a US official.
According to a US official, in 2004 a prisoner named Hassan Ghul revealed that bin Laden relied on a courier believed to be al-Kuwaiti. Ghul stated that al-Kuwaiti was close to bin Laden and Khalid Sheik Mohammed and Mohammed Abu Faraj al-Libbi's successor. Ghul revealed that al-Kuwaiti had not been seen in some time, which led US officials to suspect he was traveling with bin Laden. When confronted with Ghul's account, Muhammad retained his original story. Abu Faraj al-Libbi was arrested in 2005 and transferred to Guantanimo in September 2006. He told the CIA interrogator that bin Laden's messenger was a man named Maulawi Abd al-Khaliq Jan and denied knowing al-Kuwaiti. Because both Mohammed and al-Libbi have minimized al-Kuwaiti's interests, officials speculate that he is part of bin Laden's inner circle.
In 2007, officials learned the real name of al-Kuwaiti, although they said they would not reveal names or how they learned it. Pakistani officials in 2011 stated that the name of the courier was Ibrahim Saeed Ahmed, from Pakistan's Swat Valley. He and his brother Abrar and their family live in the bin Laden complex, officials said.
Since the name of Maulawi Abd al-Khaliq Jan appears in the assessment of JTF-GTMO detainees to Abu Faraj al-Libbi released by WikiLeaks on April 24, 2011, there is speculation that the US attack on the Abbottabad complex is accelerated as a precaution. The CIA never found someone named Maulawi Jan and concluded that the name was al-Libbi's invention.
Tapping of other suspects in 2010 took a conversation with al-Kuwaiti. The CIA's paramilitary operation was located in al-Kuwaiti in August 2010 and followed it back to the Abbottabad complex, which led them to speculate that it was bin Laden's location.
Courier and a relative (who were either brother or cousin) were killed in the May 2, 2011 attack. After that, some locals identified the people as Pashtuns named Arshad and Tareq Khan. Arshad Khan carries an old and un computerized ID card identification, which identifies him as from Khat Kuruna, a village near Charsadda in northwest Pakistan. Pakistani officials found no records of Arshad Khan in the area and suspect the men were living under a false identity.
Binary bin Laden Compound bin Laden
The CIA uses surveillance photos and intelligence reports to determine the identity of the residents of the Abbottabad compound where the courier travels. In September 2010, the CIA concluded that the compound was tailor-made to hide someone important, very likely bin Laden. Officials suspect that he lives there with his youngest wife and family.
Built in 2004, a three-story complex is located at the end of a narrow dirt road. Google Earth maps created from satellite photographs show that the compound did not exist in 2001 but was built when the new pictures were taken in 2005. It is located 2.5 miles northeast of the city center of Abbottabad. Abbottabad is about 100 miles (160 km) from the Afghan border on the far eastern side of Pakistan (about 20 miles (32 km) from India). This compound is 0.8 miles (1.3 km) southwest of the Pakistan Military Academy. Located on a plot of land eight times larger than nearby houses, the complex is surrounded by a 12 to 18 foot (3.7-5.5 m) concrete wall above it with barbed wire. It has two security gates, and the third-floor balcony has a seven foot (2.1m) privacy wall, high enough to hide 6ft (193cm) Laden bin Laden.
The complex does not have internet or landline telephone service. Its inhabitants burn their garbage, unlike their neighbors, who throw their garbage away. Locals call the building Waziristan Haveli, because they believe the owner is from Waziristan. After the American attack and the killing of bin Laden, the Pakistani government destroyed the compound in February 2012.
Intelligence collection
The CIA led efforts to oversee and gather intelligence information in the compound; Other important roles in the operation were played by other US agencies, including the National Security Agency, National Geospatial Intelligence Service (NGA), the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) and the US Department of Defense. US officials told The Washington Post that intelligence-gathering efforts "were so vast and expensive that the CIA went to Congress in December [2010] to secure the authority to reallocate tens of millions of dollars in agency budgets. fund it. "
The CIA rented a house in Abbottabad from which a team lurked and watched the compound for several months. The CIA team used informants and other techniques - including a widely criticized fake polio vaccination program - to gather intelligence information in the compound. The safe house was abandoned immediately after bin Laden's death. The US National Geospatial Intelligence Agency assists the Joint Special Operations Command to create mission simulators for pilots, and analyze data from RQ-170 drones before, during, and after raids in the complex. NGA creates three-dimensional rendering of homes, creates schedules that describe residential traffic patterns, and assesses the number, height and sex of the complex occupants. Also involved in intelligence gathering measures are the arms of the National Security Agency known as the Customized Access Operations group which, among other things, specifically install spyware and tracking devices secretly on targeted computers and mobile phone networks. Due to the work of the Customized Access Operations group, the NSA may collect intelligence from cell phones used by Al-Qaeda operators and other "important persons" in bin Laden's hunt.
The design of bin Laden compounds may ultimately contribute to its discovery. A former CIA official involved in the hunt told The Washington Post: "The place is as tall as three levels, and you can see it from different angles."
The CIA uses a process called "red team" on intelligence gathered to independently review the indirect evidence and facts available from their case that bin Laden lived in the Abbottabad compound. A government official stated, "We are doing red-team exercises and other alternative forms of analysis to check our work, no other candidates are in compliance with the bill as well as Bin Laden."
Despite the officials being described as an unusually concentrated collection effort that led to the operation, no US spy agency was able to capture Osama's photographs in the compound prior to the attack or recording of the voice of a mysterious male figure occupied by his family. the top two-story structure.
Maps Death of Osama bin Laden
Operation Neptune Spear
The official mission code name is Operation Neptune Spear . Neptune's spear is a trident, which appears in the US Navy Special Warfare badge, with three trident branches representing SEAL's operational capacity in the sea, air and land.
Destination
The Associated Press reported at a time when two US officials who declared the operation were "murder or arrest missions, because the US did not kill unarmed people who tried to surrender", but it was "clear from the start that whoever was behind the wall had no intention to surrender ". White House counterterrorism adviser John O. Brennan said after the attack: "If we have a chance to bring bin Laden alive, if he does not present any threat, the people involved are able and ready to do that." CIA Director Leon Panetta told PBS NewsHour: "The authority here is to kill bin Laden.... Clearly under the rules of engagement, if he has actually raised his hand, surrendered and did not do it." all kinds of threats, then they catch him. But they have full authority to kill him. "
An unnamed US national security official told Reuters that "this is an assassination operation", explaining there is no desire to try to catch bin Laden living in Pakistan ". Another source referring to the kill command (rather than capture ) says, "Officials describe the reaction of a special operator when they were notified a few weeks ago that they had been selected to train missions." They were told, "We thought we found Osama bin Laden, and your job was to kill him," "an official recalled." SEALs started cheering.
Planning and final decision
The CIA briefed Vice Admiral William H. McRaven, commander of the Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), about the complex in January 2011. McRaven said the commando attack would be very easy but he was worried about Pakistan's response. He commissioned the captain of the US Navy Special Warfare Development Group (DEVGRU) to work with CIA teams on their campus in Langley, Virginia. The captain, named "Brian," set up an office at a printing plant in the CIA's Langley complex and, along with six other JSOC officers, began planning raids. The administration's lawyers considered the legal and options implications before the attack.
In addition to helicopter attacks, the planners are thought to attack the complex with a B-2 Spirit stealth bomber. They are also considering joint operations with Pakistani forces. Obama, however, decided that the Pakistani government and the military could not be trusted to maintain operational security for operations against bin Laden. "There is a lack of confidence that Pakistanis can keep this secret for more than a nanosecond," a senior adviser told the President to The New Yorker.
Obama met with the National Security Council on March 14 to review the options; he is worried that the mission will be exposed and wants to continue soon. For that reason he ruled out involving Pakistani people. Defense Secretary Robert Gates and other military officials expressed doubts whether bin Laden was in the compound, and whether commando attacks were worth the risk. At the end of the meeting, the president looked leaning towards the bombing mission. Two US Air Force officers were assigned to explore the option further.
The CIA can not rule out the existence of underground bunkers under complex. Assuming that there is a 32,000 pound (910 kg) bomb equipped with a JDAM guidance system, it is necessary to destroy it. With that amount of weaponry, at least one other house is within a blast radius. It is estimated that more than a dozen civilians will be killed alongside the people in the compound. Moreover, there is not likely to be enough evidence left to prove that bin Laden has died. Presented with this information at the next Security Council meeting on March 29, Obama postponed the bombing plan. Instead he directed Admiral McRaven to develop a plan for a helicopter attack. The US intelligence community also studied the option to hit bin Laden with a small drone-fired tactical weapon as he paced the compound of his vegetable garden.
McRaven directly selected a team of senior and experienced operators from Red Squadron, one of the four who compiled the DEVGRU. The Red Squadron is home from Afghanistan and can be directed without attracting attention. The team has language skills and experience with cross-border operations to Pakistan. Almost all Red Squadron operators have 10 or more deployments to Afghanistan.
Unbeknownst to the exact nature of their mission, the team conducted an attack exercise at two US locations - around 10 April at the Harvey Point Defense Testing Test facility in North Carolina where a 1: 1 version of the bin Laden compound was built. , and April 18 in Nevada. Locations in Nevada are at an altitude of 4,000 feet (1,200 m) - chosen to test the effect of altitude on the robber helicopter. The Nevada mock-up uses chain-link fences to simulate compound walls, which makes US participants unaware of the potential effects of high compound walls on helicopter lift capabilities.
The planners believed that the SEALs could reach Abbottabad and back without being challenged by the Pakistani military. The helicopter to be used in the attack was designed to be quiet and have a low radar spacing. Because the US has helped equip and train the Pakistanis, their defense abilities are known. The US has supplied F-16 Fighting Falcons to Pakistan provided they are kept in Pakistan's military base under 24-hour US supervision.
If bin Laden surrenders, he will be held near the Bagram Air Base. If SEALs are found by Pakistanis in the midst of raids, Chairman of the Joint Admiral Mike Mullen will summon the military chief of Pakistan's General Ashfaq Parvez Kayani and try to negotiate their release.
When the National Security Council (NSC) meets again on April 19, Obama gives a temporary approval for a helicopter attack. He worries that plans to deal with Pakistan are too uncertain, Obama asked Admiral McRaven to equip the team to fight the way out if necessary.
McRaven and SEAL traveled to Afghanistan to practice on a full-scale one-acre replica of a complex built in the restricted area of ​​Bagram known as Camp Alpha. The team departed from the US from Naval Air Station Oceana on April 26 on a C-17 plane, refueled on the ground at Ramstein Air Base in Germany, landed at Bagram Air Base, then moved to Jalalabad on 27 April.
On April 28, Admiral Mullen explained the final plan to the NSC. To reinforce the "fight-out" scenario, Chinook helicopters with additional troops will be positioned nearby. Most of the advisers at the meeting supported the attack. Only Vice President Biden is completely against it. Gates advocated using the drone missile option, but changed his support the next day with a helicopter attack plan. Obama said he wanted to speak directly with Admiral McRaven before he gave the order to continue. The President asked whether McRaven had learned anything since arriving in Afghanistan that caused him to lose confidence in missions. McRaven told him that the team was ready and that the next few nights would have a bit of moonlight over Abbottabad, a good condition for the attack.
On April 29 at 8:20 am, Obama conferred with his advisor and gave the green light. The attack will happen the next day. That night the president was told that the operation would be delayed one day due to overcast weather.
On April 30, Obama summoned McRaven once more to say the SEAL well and thanked them for their service. That night, the President attended the annual White House Association dinner, hosted by comedian and television actor Seth Meyers. At one point, Meyers joked: "People think bin Laden is hiding in Hindu Kush, but do you know that every day from 4 to 5 he's performing in C-SPAN?" Obama laughed, despite knowing the upcoming operation.
On 1 May at 1:22 pm, Panetta, acting on the orders of the president, steered McRaven to move forward with the operation. Shortly after 3 pm, the president joined the national security official in the Situation Room to monitor the attack. They watched the night vision images taken from Sentinel's unmanned aircraft while Panetta, appearing in a corner of the screen from the CIA headquarters, telling what happened. Video links with Panetta at CIA and McRaven headquarters in Afghanistan have been prepared in the Situation Room. In the adjacent office is a direct drone feed served on a laptop computer operated by Brigadier General Marshall Webb, assistant commander of JSOC. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is one of them in the Situation Room, and describes it like this: "Contrary to some news reports and what you see in the movies, we have no means of seeing what is happening inside the building itself. All we can do is wait for the latest news from the team on the field I look at the President He is calm Rarely I am proud to serve on his side like me that day. "Two other command centers monitored the attacks from the Pentagon and the US embassy in Islamabad.
Operation execution
Approach and entries
The attack was carried out by about two dozen heliborne Navy SEALs from the DEVGRU Red Squadron. Due to legal reasons (ie that the US is not at war with Pakistan), military personnel assigned to missions are temporarily moved to control of the civilian Central Intelligence Agency. SEAL is operated in several teams, and equipped with various equipment and weaponry.
These weapons include the HK416 assault rifle used as the main weapon of the SEAL, Mark. 48 machine guns are used for fire support, and MP7 personal defense weapons used by some SEALs for melee and greater silence. Sidearms are also used, such as SIG P226 and HK45C. Other teeth used or carried by operators include various operator plates, Ops Core FAST Maritime ballistic helmets, chemlights, hand grenades, infringement tools, and night-vision goggles. Night vision devices used by SEAL, GPNVG-18, are not like the standard night vision goggle offered to soldiers, and feature four tubes for a much better field of view.
According to The New York Times , a total of "79 commandos and dogs" were involved in the attack. The dog of a military worker is a Belgian Malinois named Cairo. According to one report, the dog was tasked with tracking "anyone who tried to escape and to alert the SEALs to any approaching Pakistani security forces". The dog will be used to help prevent Pakistan's landward response to the attack and to help find any hidden room or hidden door in the complex. Additional personnel on missions include language translator, dog housekeeper, helicopter pilot, plus intelligence collector, and navigator using a highly secret hyperspectral imager to see the operation.
SEALs flew to Pakistan from a staging base in the town of Jalalabad in eastern Afghanistan after coming from Bagram Air Base in northeastern Afghanistan. The 160th Special Operations Flight Regiment (SOAR), the US Army Special Operations Command unit known as the "Night Stalker", provides two modified Black Hawk helicopters used for the attack itself, as well as a much larger Chinook weight. helicopter used as backup.
Black Hawk seems to have never seen a "stealth" version of a helicopter flying more slowly while harder to detect on a radar than a conventional model; due to the weight of additional stealth equipment in the Black Hawks, the cargo "is calculated into ounces, with weather factors."
The Chinooks continued to stand on the ground "in a quiet area about two-thirds of the way" from Jalalabad to Abbottabad, with two additional SEAL teams consisting of about 24 DEVGRU operators for "quick reaction strength" (QRF). The Chinooks are equipped with 7.62mm GAU-17/A miniguns and GAU-21/B.50-caliber machine guns and extra fuel for the Black Hawks. Their mission was to block Pakistani military efforts to disrupt the raids. Other Chinooks, holding 25 SEALs more than DEVGRU, are placed just across the border in Afghanistan in case reinforcements are needed during the attack.
The SOAR helicopter to 160 is supported by several other aircraft, including fighter jets and fixed wing aircraft. According to CNN, "Air Force has a full team of search and rescue helicopter combat available".
The attack was scheduled for a while with little moonlight so the helicopters could enter Pakistan "low to the ground and undetected". Helicopters use hilly terrain and napping techniques to reach the complex without appearing on the radar and alerting the Pakistani military. The flight from Jalalabad to Abbottabad takes about 90 minutes.
According to the mission plan, the first helicopter will hover over the complex yard while its complete team from SEAL quickly to the ground. At the same time, the second helicopter will fly to the northeast corner of the complex and deploy translators, dogs and handlers, and four SEALs to secure the perimeter. The team on the page came into the house from the ground floor.
As they hover above the target, however, the first helicopter experiences a dangerous airflow condition known as the vortex ring state. This is exacerbated by higher than expected air temperatures ("so-called 'heat and high' environments") and high compound walls, which stop the downwash rotor from spreading. The helicopter's tail grazed one of the walls of the complex, damaging its tail rotor, and the helicopter rolling over to the side. The pilot quickly buried the helicopter's nose to keep it from tipping over. None of the SEALs, crew and pilots on the helicopter were badly injured in an emergency landing, which ended with it landing at a 45-degree angle leaning against the wall. The other helicopters landed outside the complex and the SEAL climbed up the wall to go inside. SEALs go into the house, through walls and doors with explosives.
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SEALs meet with residents in plural guest houses, in the main building on the first floor where two adult men live, and on the second and third floors where bin Laden lives with his family. The second and third floors are the last part of the complex to be cleaned. There have been reported "small knot of children... in every level, including bin Laden's bedroom balcony".
Osama bin Laden was killed in the attack and an earlier version said three other men and a woman were also killed: bin Laden's son, Khalid, bin Laden's messenger, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, brother of al-Kuwaiti, Abrar, and Abrar's wife Bushra.
Conflicting reports of an initial firefight exist. Owen stated that the team was in a "short battle" before reaching bin Laden. An intelligence official told Seymour Hersh in 2015 that there was no shootout. In previous versions, Al-Kuwaiti is said to have fired on the first team of SEALs with an AK-47 from behind the guesthouse door, lightly wounding SEALs with bullet fragments. A short firefight ensued between al-Kuwaiti and SEAL, where al-Kuwaiti was killed. His wife, Mariam, is suspected of being shot and injured on the right shoulder. Abrar's men were then shot and killed by a second SEAL team on the first floor of the main house because gunfire had been fired and the SEAL thought he was armed with an AK-47 (this was confirmed in the official report). A woman nearby, who was later identified as Abrar's wife, Bushra, also in this version also shot and killed. Bin Laden's young adult son is said to have faced a SEAL on the steps of the main house, and has been shot and killed by a second team. An unnamed senior US defense official declared that only one of the five dead, Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, was armed. The inside of the house was pitch black, as CIA agents had cut power to the environment. However, SEALs wear night vision goggles.
Bin Laden killing
SEAL meets with Usamah on the third floor of the main building. Bin Laden "was wearing a local loose tunic and pants known as kta pamajama ", which was later found to have EUR500 and two phone numbers sewn into the fabric.
Bin Laden peeked through his bedroom door in front of the Americans who climbed the stairs, and then retreated into the room as the SEAL led a shot or shot at him. Reports differed for what happened next, though all agreed he was finally hit by fire on his body and head. The initial shot missed, hit him on the side, or bumped him in the head. Robert O'Neill, who later publicly identified himself as a SEAL who shot bin Laden, rolled through the door and faced bin Laden in the bedroom. Seymour Hersh reports that, according to sources, bin Laden was found to be curled up and shot dead.
O'Neill stated that bin Laden was standing behind a woman with his hands on his shoulders, pushing him forward. O'Neill immediately shot bin Laden twice on the forehead, then once again as bin Laden crouched to the floor. Matt Bissonnette, who entered the room at the same time, also claimed to have fired a shot into bin Laden's fallen body. At the same time, in this version, one of Bin Laden's wives, Amal Ahmed Abdul Fatah, is said to have yelled at SEAL in Arabic and signaled as if he would be charged. Lead SEAL shoots his legs, then grabs both women and pushes them aside. The weapon used to kill bin Laden is HK416 using a 5.56mm NATO 77-item OTM (open-tip match) round made by the Black Hills Ammunition. The leader of the SEAL radioed team, "For God and country - Geronimo, Geronimo, Geronimo" and then, after being asked by McRaven for confirmation, "Geronimo EKIA" (enemy killed in action). Watching the operation in the White House Situation Room, Obama simply said, "We caught him."
In these reports, there are two bin Laden weapons in his room, including the AKS-74U carbine and a Russian-made Makarov gun, but according to his wife Amal, he was shot before he could reach his AKS-74U.. According to the Associated Press, the rifle was on a shelf next to the door and SEALs did not see them until they photographed the body.
When SEALs meet women and children during the attack, they hold them with plastic cuffs or zip ties. After the raids ended, US troops moved the surviving population outside "for Pakistani troops to find". The wounded Ahmed Abdul Fatah's charity continues to harass the invaders in Arabic. Bin Laden's 12-year-old daughter, Safia, was allegedly exposed to her legs or ankles by fluttering flakes.
While the bodies of Osama were taken by US troops, the bodies of four others killed in the attack were abandoned in the complex and then taken to Pakistan prisoners.
Conclusion
The attack was intended to take 40 minutes. The actual time between team entry and exit from the complex is 38 minutes. According to the Associated Press, the attack was completed within the first 15 minutes.
The time in the compound was spent killing defenders, "moving carefully through complex, room to room, floor to floor" securing women and children, cleaning up "piles of weapons and barricades" including fake doors, and searching for information on complex. US personnel found three Kalashnikov rifles and two pistols, ten computer hard drives, documents, DVDs, nearly a hundred thumb drives, a dozen cell phones, and "electronic equipment" for later analysis. SEALs also found large amounts of opium stored at home.
Because the helicopter that has made an emergency landing damaged and unable to fly the team, it is destroyed to protect classified equipment, including clear stealth capabilities. The pilot destroyed "the instrument panel, radio, and other secret gear inside the cockpit", and the SEAL "[packed] the helicopter with the explosive and [blew] it". As the SEAL team was reduced to one operational helicopter, one of the two detained Chinooks in the reserve was sent to bring some of the team and bin Laden's body out of Pakistan.
While the Defense Department's official narrative did not mention the air base used in the operation, later reports showed that the helicopter returned to Bagram Airfield. Osama bin Laden's body was flown from Bagram to the aircraft carrier USS Carl Vinson in a V-22 Osprey tiltrotor aircraft escorted by two US Navy F/A-18 fighter jets.
According to US officials, bin Laden is buried at sea because no country is willing to accept his body. Before disposing of the body, the United States summoned the government of Saudi Arabia, which agreed to bury the corpses in the oceans. Islamic religious rituals were performed on board the Carl Vinson ship in the North Arabian Sea within 24 hours after bin Laden's death. Preparations begin at 10:10 am local time and the sea cemetery finishes at 11 am. Body washed, wrapped in white sheets and placed in a weighted plastic bag. An officer reads prepared religious speeches that are translated into Arabic by a native speaker. After that, bin Laden's body was placed on a flat board. The sign slanted upward on one side and his body slid into the sea.
In Fighting Fighting: A Memoir of Leadership in War and Peace, Leon Panetta writes that Osama's body is wrapped in a white cloth, given the last prayer in Arabic and placed in a black bag containing 300 pounds (140 kg) iron chains, apparently to ensuring that it will sink and never float. The body bag was placed on a white table on the rail, and the table was left to let the body bag slide into the sea, but the body bag did not slide and took the table with him. The table jumped on the surface while the weighted body sank.
Pakistan-US. communication
According to Obama administration officials, US officials did not share information about the raids with the Pakistani government until it was completed. Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Michael Mullen summoned Pakistani military chief Ashfaq Parvez Kayani around 3 am local time to inform him of the operation.
According to Pakistan's foreign ministry, the operation is carried out entirely by US forces. The Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) official said they were present at what they called a joint operation; President Asif Ali Zardari firmly denies this. Pakistan's foreign secretary Salman Bashir later confirmed that the Pakistani military had scrambled the F-16 after they learned of the attack but they reached the compound after the US helicopter left.
Body identification
US forces used several methods to positively identify Osama bin Laden's body:
- Body measurements: The two corpses and bin Laden are 6Ã, ft 4Ã, in (193Ã, cm); SEALs at the scene do not have a measuring tape to measure corpses, so SEAL altitude is known to lie next to the body and altitude is estimated by comparison. This then caused Obama to quip, "We donated $ 60 million helicopters for this operation.Can we not be able to buy a measuring tape?"
- Facial recognition software: A photo sent by SEAL to CIA headquarters in Langley, Virginia, for face recognition analysis yields a 90 to 95 percent chance.
- Personal identification: One or two women from the compound, including one of Bin Laden's wives, identified bin Laden's body. A bin Laden's wife called him by name during the attack, inadvertently assisting the identification by US military forces in the field.
- The DNA test: The Associated Press and The New York Times reported that bin Laden's body can be identified by DNA testing using tissue and blood samples taken from his sister who died of brain cancer. ABC News stated, "Two samples were taken from bin Laden: one of these DNA samples was analyzed, and information was sent electronically back to Washington, D.C., from Bagram. Others from Afghanistan physically brought back samples." A military officer takes bone marrow and swabs from the body to be used for DNA testing. According to a senior US Department of Defense official:
DNA analysis (deoxyribonucleic acid) conducted separately by the Department of Defense and CIA laboratories has positively identified Osama bin Laden. The DNA samples collected from her body were compared with a comprehensive DNA profile from a large family of Osama bin Laden. Based on that analysis, DNA is undoubtedly hers. The probability of false identity based on this analysis is roughly one in 11.8 quadrillion.
- Conclusion: Per the same DoD official, from the initial review of material removed from the Abbottabad compound, the Department "assesses much of this information, including personal correspondence between Osama bin Laden and others, as well as some of the video footage. just his. "
Local accounts
Starting at 12:58 local time (19:58 UTC), residents of Abbottabad Sohaib Athar sent a series of tweets starting with "Helicopters hovering over Abbottabad at 1 am (a rare event)." At 1:44 am, it was all quiet until the plane flew across town at 3:39 am. Neighbors climbed onto their rooftops and watched US special operations troops storm the compound. A neighbor said, "I saw soldiers emerging from helicopters and headed toward the house, some of them instructing us with the sacred Pashto to turn off the lights and stay inside." Another man said he heard gunshots and screams, then an explosion when a grounded helicopter was destroyed. The explosion broke the window of his bedroom and left the charred wreckage on a nearby field. A local security official said he entered the compound as soon as American troops left, before being shut down by soldiers. "There were four bodies, three men and one woman and one woman injured," he said. "There's a lot of blood on the floor and people can easily see signs like the corpses have been dragged out of the compound." Many witnesses reported that the power, and possibly cell phone service, came out around the time of the attack and appeared to include a military academy. Accounts are different from the exact time outs. A reporter concluded after interviewing some residents that it was a routine power outage.
The ISI reported after questioning the survivors of the attack that there were 17 to 18 people in the compound at the time of the attack and that the Americans picked up a living person, possibly a son of bin Laden. The ISI says that survivors include a wife, a daughter and eight to nine other children, unlike bin Laden. An unnamed Pakistani security official was quoted as saying one of Bin Laden's daughters told Pakistani investigators that bin Laden had been arrested alive, then in front of family members shot dead by US troops and dragged into a helicopter.
Population compound
US officials say there are 22 people in the compound. Five were killed, including Osama bin Laden. Pakistani officials gave conflicting reports showing between 12 and 17 survivors. The Sunday Times then published excerpts from the pocket guides, possibly dropped by the SEALs during the raids, containing images and descriptions of residents who may live in the complex. The guide lists some of the adult children of bin Laden and their families not found in the compound. Due to the lack of verifiable information, some of the following are sourly sourced.
- 5 dead adults: Osama bin Laden, 54; Khalid, his son by Siham (identified as Hamza in the initial account), 23; Arshad Khan, a.k.a Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti, courier, is described as a "fat man" by The Sunday Times, 33; Abu Ahmed al-Kuwaiti Abrar's brother, 30; and Bushra, Abrar's wife, age is unknown.
- 4 surviving women: Khairiah, third bin Laden, Saudi wife a.k.a. Um Hamza, 62; Siham, fourth bin Laden, Saudi wife a.k.a. Um Khalid, 54; Amal, Bin Laden's fifth wife, Yemen, a.k.a Amal Ahmed Abdul Fatah, 29 (injured); and Mariam, the wife of Pakistan's Arshad Khan.
- 5 young children from Osama and Amal: Safia, a daughter, 12 years old; a son, 5; other sons, age unknown; and baby twin daughters.
- 4 bin Laden's grandson of an unknown daughter who was killed in an air raid on Waziristan. Two people may be children, about 10, who talk to Pakistani researchers.
- 4 children from Arshad Khan: Two sons, Abdur Rahman and Khalid, 6 or 7; a girl, age unknown; and other children, age is unknown.
Aftermath
News leak
At about 9:45 am EDT, the White House announced that the president would address later in the evening. At 2: 24: 05Ã, a. UTC May 2, 2011 The first public leak was made by intelligence officers from the US Navy Keith Urbahn and 47 seconds later by professional actor and wrestler Dwayne Johnson on Twitter. Anonymous government officials confirmed details to the media, and at 11 pm many news sources reported that bin Laden had died; the number of leaks is marked as "productive" by David E. Sanger.
US. presidential address
At 11:35, Obama appeared on the main television network:
Good night. Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has carried out an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al-Qaeda, and a terrorist responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent people, women and children.. (continued)
President Obama remembers the victims of the September 11 attacks. He praised the nearly ten-year-old war against al-Qaeda, which he said disturbed the terrorist plot, strengthened domestic defenses, removed the Taliban government, and captured or killed al-Qaeda operations. Obama said that when he took office, he made bin Laden's quest a top priority of war. Bin Laden's death is the most significant blow to al-Qaeda so far but the war will continue. He reiterated that the US is not fighting against Islam and defends its decision to conduct operations in Pakistan. He said Americans understand the cost of war but will not survive while their security is threatened. "To families who have lost loved ones because of al-Qaeda's terror," he said, "justice has been done." The statement ended a statement by President Bush at a joint session of Congress after the September 11 attacks that "justice will be done."
Reactions
Before the official announcement, many people spontaneously gathered outside the White House, Ground Zero, the Pentagon, and in Times Square New York to celebrate. In Dearborn, Michigan, where there are large Muslim and Arab populations, small crowds gather outside the City Hall in celebration, many of them Middle Eastern descendants. From the beginning to the end of Obama's speech, 5,000 tweets per second posted on Twitter. When news of bin Laden's death filtered through a crowd in a nationally televised Major League Baseball game in Philadelphia between rivals Philadelphia Phillies and New York Mets, "U-S-A!" cheers started. In Tampa, Florida, at the end of the professional wrestling event that took place at the time, WWE Champion John Cena announced to the audience that bin Laden had been "caught and compromised to the permanent end", pushing the song as he came out of the arena. to the "Stars and Lines Forever" parade.
The deputy leader of the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood said that, with bin Laden dead, Western troops must now withdraw from Iraq and Afghanistan; the Iranian authorities made similar comments. The leaders of the Palestinian Authority have different reactions. Mahmoud Abbas welcomed bin Laden's death, while Ismail Haniyeh, head of the Hamas government in the Gaza Strip, condemned what he saw as the killing of an "Arab holy warrior".
The 14th Dalai Lama is quoted by the Los Angeles Times as saying, "Forgiveness does not mean forgetting what is happening.... If there is something serious and necessary to take counter measures, you must take retaliatory action. "This is widely reported as bin Laden's killing support and criticized among Buddhists, but other journalists quoted video from the discussion to suggest that the comment was taken out of context and that the Dalai Lama only supports murder in self-defense.
The CBS/New York Times poll taken after Bin Laden's death showed that 16% of Americans feel safer as a result of his death while 60% of Americans from those surveyed believe bin Laden's killing is likely to increase threat of terrorism against the US in the short term.
In India, Home Secretary P. Chidambaram said bin Laden hid "deep inside" Pakistan is a matter of great concern for India and shows that "many of Mumbai's terror attackers, including the control and handling of terrorists who actually carry out attacks, protected in Pakistan ". He also asked Pakistan to arrest them, amid calls for a similar attack carried out by India against Hafiz Saeed and Dawood Ibrahim.
Request and rejection of the Freedom of Information Act
Although Abbottabad's attacks have been described in great detail by US officials, no physical evidence constituting "death proof" has been offered to the public, both to journalists and to independent third parties who have requested this information through the Freedom of Information Act. Many organizations filed FOIA requests seeking at least part of the photo, video, and/or DNA test results, including The Associated Press, Reuters, CBS News, Judicial Watch, Politico, Fox News, Citizens United and NPR. On April 26, 2012, Judge James E. Boasberg stated that the Department of Defense is not required to release any evidence to the public.
According to a draft report by Pentagon inspector general Admiral William McRaven, the top special operations commander, ordered the Department of Defense to clean up his computer system of all files on bin Laden's attacks after first sending them to the CIA. Every mention of this decision was removed from the final version of the inspector general's report. According to the Pentagon, this was done to protect the identity of the Navy SEALs involved in the attack. The legal justification for the transfer of records is that the SEALs effectively worked for the CIA at the time of the raids, which seemed to mean that each record of the attack belonged to the CIA. "The documents related to the attack were handled in a manner consistent with the fact that the operation was carried out under the direction of the CIA director," CIA agency spokeswoman Preston Golson said in a statement sent via email. "CIA operative records such as attacks (bin Laden), made during the execution of operations by persons acting under the authority of the CIA Director, are CIA records." Golson said it was "completely wrong" that records were transferred to the CIA to avoid legal requirements of the Freedom of Information Act. The National Security Archive has criticized this maneuver, saying that the record has now become a "black hole FOIA":
What the transfer really does is make sure that the file will be placed in the CIA's operational records, a system of records that - due to the 1986 1986 File Operations liberation - is not subject to FOIA and is a black hole for anyone trying to access the files in it. This move prevents the public from accessing official records of the attack, and passes some important federal records storage procedures in the process.
The US Department of Defense can prevent the release of its own military files citing risks to national security, but that can be challenged in court, and a judge can force the Pentagon to surrender the insensitive parts. But the CIA has special authority to prevent the release of "operational files" in ways that can not be challenged in federal courts. Richard Lardner, who reported for the Associated Press, wrote that the maneuver "may represent a new strategy for the US government to protect even the most sensitive activities of public scrutiny."
The draft inspector general's report also illustrates how former Defense Secretary Leon Panetta disclosed confidential information to the maker of Zero Dark Thirty, including the attacking unit and the name of the land commander.
Legality
Under U.S. law.
Following the September 11, 2001, US Congress passed the Authorization for the Use of Military Forces Against Terrorists, which authorized the President to use "necessary and appropriate forces against those countries, organizations or people" he decided to engage in the attack.. The Obama administration justifies the use of force by relying on the resolution, as well as international law set out in treaties and customary laws of war.
John Bellinger III, who served as a senior US State Department lawyer during the second term of President George W. Bush, said the strike was a legitimate military act and not against the United States. 'self-prohibition of murder:
The killings were not forbidden by prolonged prohibition of assassination in executive order 12333 [signed in 1981], as it was a military action in the ongoing US armed conflict with al-Qaeda, and was not forbidden to kill specific leaders of the power the opposite. Prohibition of murder does not apply to murder for self-defense.
Similarly, Harold Hongju Koh, US State Department Legal Counsel, said in 2010 that "under domestic law, the use of a legitimate weapons system - consistent with applicable law of war - for precision targeting of certain high-level leaders. defend themselves or during armed conflict does not violate the law, and therefore is not a 'murder'. "
David Scheffer, director of the University Law Center of Northwestern University for International Human Rights, said the fact that bin Laden had previously been indicted in 1998 in the US District Court for the Southern District of New York for conspiracy to attack US defense installations was a tricky factor. "Usually when a person is under an indictment, the purpose is to arrest the person to bring him to court to try him... This object does not literally briefly execute him if he is under indictment." Scheffer and other experts stated it was important to determine whether the mission was to capture bin Laden or kill him. If the Navy SEAL is instructed to kill bin Laden without trying to capture him, it "may have violated the ideals of America if not international law."
Under international law
In a speech to the Pakistani parliament, Pakistani Prime Minister Yousaf Raza Gillani said: "Our people are really angry at the issue of sovereignty violations that are characterized by the US air and ground attacks hidden in Osama's hideout in Abbottabad... The Security Council , while urging UN member states to join their efforts against terrorism, has repeatedly stressed that this is done in accordance with international law, human rights and humanitarian law. "Former Pakistan President General Pervez Musharraf denied reports in The Guardian that his government made a secret treaty allowing US troops to carry out unilateral attacks in search of three al-Qaeda leaders.
In testimony before the US Senate Judiciary Committee, Attorney General Eric Holder said, "The operation against bin Laden is justified as a national defensive measure, it is legitimate to target enemy commanders on the ground." He called bin Laden's killing as "a remarkable step toward achieving justice for the nearly 3,000 innocent Americans who were killed on September 11, 2001." Commenting on legality under international law, University of Michigan Law Professor Steven Ratner says, "Much depends on whether you believe Osama bin Laden is a fighter in war or a suspect in mass murder." In the latter case, "You can only kill a suspect if they represent a direct threat".
Holder testifies that bin Laden is not trying to give up, and "even if he's there will be a good base on the part of the Navy SEAL team members who dare to do what they do to protect themselves and others who are in the building "According to Anthony Dworkin, an international jurist on the Council of Europe on Foreign Relations, if bin Laden is a hors de combat (as his daughter says), it would be a violation of Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.
Former Nuremberg prosecutor Benjamin B. Ferencz has stated it is unclear whether bin Laden's murder was justified in self-defense or previous planned illegal killings, and that "killing a prisoner who has no direct threat is a crime under military law and all other laws" held by legal scholar Philippe Sands.
The UN Security Council released a statement praising the news of bin Laden's death, and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon said he was "very relieved." Two United Nations Special Rapporteurs issued a joint statement to seek further information on the circumstances in which bin Laden was killed and warned that "actions taken by States in the fight against terrorism, especially in high-profile cases, set precedents for where the right to life will be treated in the future. "
Body handling
Under Islamic tradition, burial at sea is considered inappropriate when others, preferred forms of burial are available, and some prominent Islamic scholars criticize the decision. Mohamed Ahmed el-Tayeb, head of Al-Azhar University, where Egyptians study Sunni Muslims, said the bodily exile at sea was an affront to religious and human values. Scholars like el-Tayeb argue that the burial of the sea can only be allowed in special cases where death occurs on the ship, and that ordinary practices should have occurred in this case - bodies buried in the ground with heads pointing to the Islamic holy city of Mecca.
The advantages expressed from burial at sea are that the site is not easily identifiable or accessible, thus preventing it from being the focus of attention or "terrorist temple". The Guardian questioned whether bin Laden's grave would be a shrine, as it is strongly discouraged in Wahhabism. Addressing similar concerns, Egyptian analyst and observer Montasser el-Zayat said that if Americans want to avoid building a temple for bin Laden, unmarked graves on land will achieve the same goal.
The Guardian also quoted a US official describing the anticipated difficulties of finding a country that would accept bin Laden's burial in his land. A professor of Islamic Law at the University of Jordan declared burying at sea permitted if no one received the body and gave the Muslim cemetery, and that "it is not true or right to claim that no one in the Muslim world is ready to accept bin Laden's body". On the same note, Mohammed al-Qubaisi, the great mufti of Dubai, stated: "They can say that they buried it at sea, but they can not say that they do it according to Islam.If the family does not want it, it is really simple in Islam. : You dig graves everywhere, even on isolated islands, you say prayers and that's it.. Sea graves are allowed for Muslims in extraordinary circumstances This is not one of them. "Khalid Latif, a priest serving as pastor and director Islamic Center of New York University, argues that the sea cemetery is full of respect.
Leor Halevi, a professor at Vanderbilt University and author of the Tomb of Muhammad: Rites of Death and the Making of an Islamic Society, explains that Islamic law does not prescribe ordinary funerals for those killed in battle, and shows controversy. in the Muslim world about whether bin Laden, as a "mass murderer of Muslims", is entitled to the same respect as mainstream Muslims. At the same time, he suggested that the funeral could be handled with more cultural sensitivity.
Omar bin Laden, son of Osama bin Laden, published a complaint on May 10, 2011, that the burial at sea deprived the family of a proper burial.
BinLaden's Bin Laden's will
After bin Laden's death, it was reported that he had left a written testament shortly after the September 11 attacks in which he urged his children not to join al-Qaeda and not to continue Jihad.
Release photo
CNN quoted a senior US official as saying three sets of photos of Bin Laden's body existed: The photographs taken in the aircraft hangars in Afghanistan, described as the most easily recognizable and dreadful; photograph taken from a sea burial on the USS Carl Vinson before the veil is placed around his body; and photographs of the attack itself, which included inside shots of the complex as well as three others who were killed in the attack.
A source told ABC News that photographs taken by military personnel in the place depict the physical damage done by high-caliber bullets. The CBS Evening News reported that the photo showed that the bullet that hit bin Laden's left eye blew his left eyeball and blew most of his frontal skull, showing his brain. CNN states that photographs of Afghan hangars illustrate "open wounds in both eyes, very bloody and bloody." US Senator Jim Inhofe, who saw the photographs, stated that photographs taken from his body at Carl Vinson , which showed bin Laden's face after much blood and material washed away, had to be released to the public.
The debate over whether military photographs should or should not be released to the public has taken place. Those who supported the liberation argued that the photographs should be considered public records, that the photographs were needed to complete the journalistic record, and that the photographs would prove bin Laden's death and thus prevent conspiracy theories that bin Laden was alive. Those who opposed the release of the photos expressed concern that the photos would fuel anti-American sentiment in the Middle East.
Obama finally decided not to release photos. In a taped interview
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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