The Great Red Spot is a continuous high-pressure area in Jupiter's atmosphere, producing an anticlastic storm of 22 Â ° south of the planet's equator. It has been observed continuously for 188 years, since 1830. Previous observations from 1665 to 1713 are believed to be the same storm; if this is true, it's been around for at least 350 years. Such storms are not uncommon in the volatile giant gas atmosphere.
Video Great Red Spot
Observation history
The Great Red Spot may have existed since before 1665, but this place was first seen only after 1830 and was well studied only after a prominent sighting in 1879. The storms that have been seen in the 1600s may have been different storms previously. we see today. Long distances separate the period of his current research after 1830 of the invention of the seventeenth century; whether the original place disappears and is reformed, whether it fades, or even if the observation record is really bad, it's all unknown.
For example, his first appearance is often credited to Robert Hooke, who described the place on the planet in May 1664; However, it is likely that Hooke's place is in the wrong belt altogether (North Equatorial Belt, versus the current Great Red Spot location in the South Equatorial Belt). What is much more convincing is Giovanni Cassini's description of the "permanent place" of the following year. With fluctuations in visibility, where Cassini was observed from 1665 to 1713; However, the 118-year-old observational pause makes the identity of the two places inconclusive, and the shorter observational history of the older place and the slower movement of the modern place make their identity impossible.
A small mystery concerns where Jovian is depicted in canvas 1711 by Donato Creti, which is on display at the Vatican. Part of a series of panels in which different (enlarged) celestial bodies serve as a backdrop for various Italian scenes, and all overseen by astronomer Eustachio Manfredi for accuracy, Creti's painting is the first known to describe the Great Red Spot as red. None of the Jovian features are explicitly described as red before the 1800s.
On February 25, 1979, when the spacecraft Voyager 1 was 9.2 million kilometers (5.7 million miles) from Jupiter, it sent the first detailed image of the Great Red Spot back to Earth. Cloud Details as small as 160 kilometers (100 miles) visible. The colorful corrugated cloud pattern visible on the left (west) of the Red Spot is a very complex and varied region of wave motion.
At the beginning of 2004, the Great Red Spot had approximately half of the longest line that had taken place a century ago, when it reached the size of 40,000 kilometers. At the current rate of reduction will be a circle in 2040. It is not known how long the place will last, or whether the change is the result of normal fluctuations.
The smaller place, designated Oval BA, formed recently (March 2000) from the merging of three white ovals, has turned color to reddish. Astronomers have named it Red Point Red or Red, Jr. On June 5, 2006, the Big Red and Oval Points of BA appear to be close to convergence. Storms crossed each other every two years but the journey of 2002 and 2004 did not really matter. Amy Simon-Miller, from the Goddard Space Flight Center, predicted the storm would be the closest congestion on July 4, 2006. He worked with Imke de Pater and Phil Marcus of UC Berkeley, and a team of professional astronomers since April 2006 to study. storm using the Hubble Space Telescope; on July 20, the two storms were photographed through each other by the Gemini Observatory without converging. In May 2008, the third storm became red.
The Great Red Spot should not be confused with the Great Dark Spot, a feature observed near the north pole of Jupiter in 2000 with the Cassini-Huygens spacecraft . Note that the feature in Neptune's atmosphere is also called Great Dark Spot . This latter feature was imaged by Voyager 2 in 1989, and may have been an atmospheric hole rather than a storm and it was no longer present in 1994 (though similar places have come farther north).
NASA's Juno Space Shuttle flew over the Great Red Spot on July 11, 2017, taking some Spot images of about 5,000 miles (8,000 km) above the surface.
Maps Great Red Spot
Structure
The oval object rotates counter-clockwise, with a period of about six Earth days or fourteen days of Yovian. Measuring at 10,159 miles (16,350 kilometers) wide (as of April 3, 2017) Great Red Spot Jupiter is 1.3 times as wide as Earth. The top of this storm cloud is about eight kilometers above the cloud tops around it.
Infrared data has long shown that the Great Red Spot is colder (and thus, higher in height) than most other clouds on the planet. However, recent infrared measurements from the upper atmosphere show much more heat over the Great Red Spot than any other part of the planet; "Acoustic waves" rising from the storm have been suggested as an explanation for Jupiter's temperature.
Tracking atmospheric features carefully showed circulation counterclockwise as far back as 1966, the observations dramatically confirmed by the first time lapse film of Voyager fly-bys. This place is bounded by jet streams east to south and very west to north. Although the wind around the edge of the spot spot is at ~ 120 meters per second (432 kilometers per hour), the current inside it looks stagnant, with little incoming or outflow. The period of spot rotation has decreased over time, perhaps as a direct result of its stable size reduction.
The latitude of Great Red Spot has been stable during good observation records, usually varying by about one degree. Its longitude, however, is subject to constant variation. Because Jupiter does not rotate evenly across all latitudes, astronomers have defined three different systems to define longitude. The II system is used for latitudes over 10 Â °, and is initially based on the average rotation rate of Great Red Spot 9 hours 55m 42s. Nevertheless, however, the place has "settled" the planet in System II at least 10 times since the beginning of the nineteenth century. The rate of deviation has changed dramatically over the years and has been attributed to the Southern Equatorial Belt's brightness, and the presence or absence of Southern Tropical Disorders.
It is not known exactly what caused the reddish color of the Great Red Spot. Theories supported by laboratory experiments suggest that color may be caused by complex organic molecules, red phosphorus, or sulfur-containing compounds, but a consensus has not been reached.
The Great Red Spot varies greatly in color, from almost red brick to pale salmon, or even white. In fact, the place sometimes "disappears," becomes clear only through the Red Spot Hollow, which is a niche in the South Equatorial Belt (SEB). Visibility seems to be combined with SEB; When his white belt is light, it tends to be dark, and when it's dark, the dot is usually mild. These periods when dark or light dots occur at irregular intervals; in 1997, for the previous 50 years, the place was the darkest in the period 1961-1966, 1968-1975, 1989-1990, and 1992-1993.
Mechanical dynamics
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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