Tortoise

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Tortoise ( ) is family, Testudinidae. Testudinidae is a Family under the orders of Testudines and subordo Cryptodira. There are fourteen surviving families of the Testudines, an order of reptiles known as turtles, turtles, and terrapin. Subordo Cryptodira (Greek : hidden neck ) is a suborder of Testudines that includes most turtles and live turtles. Cryptodira is different from Pluerodia because they lower their necks and pull their heads straight back into the shell, instead of folding their necks sideways along the body beneath the shell margins. Testudines are some of the most ancient living reptiles. Turtles are protected from predators by shells. The top of the shell is the carapace, the bottom is the plastron, and both are connected by bridges. The carapace fused well with the spine and ribs, and the tortoise was unique among the vertebrates in that the chest and pelvic girdles were inside the ribs rather than outside. Turtles can vary in size from a few centimeters to two meters. They are usually diurnal animals with a tendency to become crepuscular depending on ambient temperature. They are solitary animals. Turtles are the longest living land animals in the world, although the longest-lived turtle species is a matter of debate. GalÃƒÂ¡Ã‚Â¡pagos turtles are recorded to live for more than 150 years, but the giant tortoise Aldabra named Adwaita probably lived the longest for about 255 years. In general, most species of turtles can live 80-150 years.

Video Tortoise

Terminology

Differences exist in the general use of turtles, turtles, and terrapins, depending on the various English spoken languages; its use is inconsistent and contradictory. These terms are common names and do not reflect any appropriate biological or taxonomic distinctions.

The American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists use "tortoises" to describe all species of the Testudines order, regardless of whether they live on land or at sea, and use "turtles" as a more specific term for slow-moving terrestrial species. Common US use agrees; turtles are often a generic term (though some are limiting for water turtles); turtles are only used in reference to tortoises or, more narrowly, only members of Testudinidae, the family of modern tortoises; and terrapin can refer to small turtles and live in fresh and brackish water, especially diamond terrapin ( Malaclemys terrapin ). In America, for example, members of the Terrapene genus live on land, but are referred to as box turtles rather than turtles.

British usage, on the other hand, tends not to use "turtles" as a general term for all members of the order, and also applies the term "tortoise" extensively to all members who live on the ground from the Testudines command, regardless of whether they are actually family members Testudinidae. In the UK, terrapin is used to refer to larger groups of semiaquatic turtles than the limited meanings in America.

Australian usage differs from American and British usage. Turtles are not native to Australia, but traditional freshwater turtles have been called "turtles" in Australia. Some Australian experts disagree with this use - believing that the term tortoise is "better restricted to pure terrestrial animals with very different habits and needs, none found in this country" - and promotes the use of the term "fresh water turtle" to describe Australia's major aquatic members, Testudines for avoiding the use of the word "tortoise" which is misleading and also a useful distinction of sea turtles.

Maps Tortoise

Biology

Life cycle

Most species of turtles are small, rarely exceeding 20 eggs, and many species have a clutch size of only 1-2 eggs. Incubation is generally long in most species, the average incubation period is between 100 and 160 days. Eggs lay eggs usually occur at night, after which the mother tortoise cover clutch with sand, soil, and organic matter. Eggs are left unattended, and depending on the species, take 60 to 120 days to incubate. The size of the egg depends on the size of the mother and can be estimated by examining the opening width of the cloaca between the carapace and the plastron. Female turtle plastrons often have a V position visible below the tail that facilitates the passage of the egg. After completing the incubation period, the fully formed hatchlings use the egg teeth to come out of their shells. It digs into the surface of the nest and starts a life of survival by itself. They hatch with an egg sachet embryo that serves as a source of nutrition for the first three to seven days until they have the power and mobility to find food. Young turtles often require a nutritional balance different from adults, so perhaps eating a more mature turtle will not. For example, young people from strictly herbivorous species will generally consume worms or insect larvae for additional proteins.

The number of concentric rings on the carapace, such as tree trunks, can sometimes give a clue as to how old the animal is, but, since growth is heavily dependent on the accessibility of food and water, turtles that have access to many forages (or are regularly fed by their owners) without seasonal variations will not have a visible ring. In addition, some turtles grow more than one ring per season, and in some others, due to wear and tear, some rings are no longer visible.

Turtles generally have one of the longest life spans of any animal, and some individuals are known to live longer than 150 years. Because of this, they symbolize longevity in some cultures, such as China. The oldest recorded turtle, and one of the oldest recorded individual animals, is Tu'i Malila, presented to the royal family of Tonga by British explorer Captain Cook shortly after his birth in 1777. Tu'i Malila remains lived in the care of the royal family of Tonga until his death by natural causes on May 19, 1965, at the age of 188 years. The record for the longest-lived vertebrates was only surpassed by another one, a koi named Hanako whose death on July 17, 1977, ended the life span of 226 years.

The Alipore Zoo in India is home to Adwaita, which by zoo officials claimed to be the oldest living animal until its death on March 23, 2006. Adwaita (sometimes spelled with two ds) is a giant turtle Aldabra brought to India by Lord Wellesley, who handed him over to Alipur Zoological Gardens in 1875 when the zoo was founded. West Bengal officials say the records show Adwaita is at least 150 years old, but other evidence shows 250. Adwaita is said to be a Robert Clive pet.

Harriet was a resident at the Australian Zoo in Queensland from 1987 until his death in 2006; he is believed to be brought to England by Charles Darwin on board the Beagle ship and then to Australia by John Clements Wickham. Harriet died on June 23, 2006, just ashamed of his 176th birthday.

Timothy, the crippled turtle, lived for about 165 years. For 38 years, he was taken as a mascot on various ships in the Royal Navy of England. Then in 1892, at the age of 53, he retired to the courtyard of the Powderham Palace in Devon. Until his death in 2004, he is believed to be the oldest in Britain.

Jonathan, a giant Seychelles turtle living on the island of St Helena, may be as old as 182 or 178.

Sexual dimorphism

Many species of turtles are sexually dimorphic, although the differences between males and females vary from species to species. In some species, males have longer and more prominent neck plates than their female counterparts, while in others, claws are longer in females.

In most species of turtles, females tend to be larger than males. Plastron men curved inside to help reproduction. The easiest way to determine the sex of a turtle is to look at its tail. Females, as a general rule, have smaller tails, falling down, while males have longer tails that are usually pulled up and onto the rear side of the shell.

Distribution

North and South America to southern South America, Central-Mediterranean Europe to Indomalaysia, Sub-Saharan Africa, Madagascar, and some oceanic islands

Brain

The turtle's brain is very small. Turtles, from Central and South America, have no area in the brain called the hippocampus, which deals with emotions, learning, memory, and spatial navigation. Studies have shown that red-footed tortoises may rely on areas of the brain called the medial cortex, the area that humans use for actions such as decision-making.

In the 17th century, Francesco Redi conducted an experiment involving the removal of a tortoise's brain, which then began to live six months. Freshwater turtles, while experiencing the same experiments, continue to be the same, but do not live for so long. Redi also cut off the head from the turtle completely, and it lived for 23 days.

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General information

With one exception ( Malacochersus tornieri ), all turtles thrive. All turtles have a unique columnar or elephant rear portion. All tortoises. They live in diverse habitats, including deserts, dry grasslands, and shrubs into wet green forests, and from sea level to mountain slopes (1000m altitude, Indotestudo forsteni) . Most species, however, occupy semi-arid habitats. Adult CL ranges from 8.5 cm in the smallest turtle, Homopus signatus , up to 130 cm in the largest, Chelonoidis elephantopus .

Turtle and tortoise club is a hub of information for pet owners ...

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Diet

Most tortoises are herbivores, grasses, weeds, green vegetables, flowers, and some fruits, although some omnivorous species exist in this family. Pet turtles usually need a diet based on weeds, weeds, green vegetables and certain flowers. Certain species consume worms or insects and carcasses in their normal habitat. Too much protein destroys herbivorous species, and has been associated with shell deformities and other medical problems. Because different species of turtles vary greatly in meeting their nutritional needs, it is important to thoroughly examine individual dietary needs of the tortoises.

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Taxonomy

The list of species largely follows van Dijk et al. (2014) and Rhodin et al. (2015).

In Hinduism, Dates (Sanskrit: ????? ) is the second Avatar of Vishnu. Like Matsya Avatara, Kurma also belongs to Satya Yuga. Vishnu takes the form of a half-man, half a turtle, the bottom is a turtle. He is usually shown to have four arms. He sits on the bottom of the ocean after the Flood. A mountain is placed on its back by other gods so they can stir up the sea and discover the ancient treasures of the Vedic tribe.

Turtle shells are used by ancient Chinese as oracle bones to make predictions.

Kura-kura adalah simbol dari dewa Yunani Kuno, Hermes.

Shell Of A Dead Giant Tortoise On Isabela Island In The Galapagos ...

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Galeri

The basics of caring for a tortoise | Pets4Homes

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Referensi

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