colicky baby , also known as infantile colic , is defined as a crying episode for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in a healthy child. Crying often happens at night. This usually does not produce long-term problems. Crying can lead to frustration for the elderly, depression after childbirth, overdelivery to the doctor, and child abuse.
The cause of colic is unknown. Some believe it is due to gastrointestinal discomfort such as intestinal cramps. Diagnosis requires ruling out other possible causes. About findings include fever, poor activity, or swollen stomach. Less than 5% of infants with excess crying have an underlying organic disease.
Treatment is generally conservative, with little or no role for alternative medicine or therapy. Extra support for parents can be useful. Temporary evidence supports certain probiotics for infants and low-allergen diet by mothers in those who are breastfed. The hydrolyzate formula may be useful for those who drink bottled milk.
Colic affects 10-40% of children. It most often occurs at the age of six weeks and usually disappears by the age of six months. It rarely lasts until the age of one year. It happens at the same level in boys and girls. The first detailed medical description of the problem occurred in 1954.
Video Baby colic
Signs and symptoms
Colic is defined as an episode of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week for a duration of three weeks in healthy children between the ages of two weeks and four months. In contrast, babies usually weigh an average of more than two hours a day, with the duration peaking at six weeks. With colic, the period of crying most often occurs at night and for no apparent reason. Associated symptoms may include legs drawn to the abdomen, reddened face, clenched hands, and wrinkled eyebrows. Cries are often high-pitched (stabbing).
Effects on family
Infants with colic can affect family stability and become the cause of short-term anxiety or depression in the father and mother. It can also contribute to fatigue and stress in the elderly.
Continuous crying has been associated with severe marital disputes, postpartum depression, early termination of breastfeeding, regular visits to the doctor, and four times excessive laboratory tests and prescription drugs for acid reflux. Infants with colic may be exposed to abuse, especially the shuffled baby syndrome.
Maps Baby colic
Cause
The causes of colic are generally unknown. Less than 5% of excess crying infants appear to have an underlying organic disease, such as constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, lactose intolerance, fissure ani, subdural hematoma, or infantile migraine. Infants given cow's milk have been shown to develop antibody responses to bovine proteins, causing colic. Studies conducted show conflicting evidence about the role of cow milk allergy. Although previously believed to be associated with gas pain, this does not seem to be the case. Another theory suggests that colic is associated with hyperperistalsis of the digestive tubes (increased levels of contraction and relaxation activity). Evidence that the use of anticholinergic agents improves colic symptoms supports this hypothesis.
Psychological and social factors have been proposed as causes, but there is no evidence. The study did not support the theory that a maternal personality or anxiety (or father) causes colic, or that it is a consequence of the tough temperament of a baby, but a family with a colicky child can ultimately develop anxiety, fatigue and problems with family functions. There is some evidence that cigarette smoke may increase the risk. It seems unrelated to breastfeeding or milking at the same rate in both groups. Reflux does not seem to be related to colic.
Diagnosis
Colic is diagnosed after other causes of potential cries are ruled out. This can usually be done through history and physical examination, and in many cases tests such as X-rays or blood tests are not required. A crying baby may just feel hungry, uncomfortable, or sick. Less than 10% of infants who will meet the definition of colic based on the number of those who have an identifiable baseline disease.
Causes of concern include: high temperature, history of respiratory problems or children whose weight is not appropriate.
The "red flag" indicates that further investigations may be required including:
- Vomiting (vomit green or yellow, bleeding or occurring more than 5/day)
- Stool changes (constipation or diarrhea, especially with blood or mucus)
- Abnormal temperature (rectal temperature less than 97.0 °, Â ° F (36.1 °, Â ° C) or more than 100.4 ° F (38.0 ° C)
- Irritability (crying all day long with some quiet periods in between)
- Lethargy (excessive sleepiness, lack of smile or interested gaze, sucking weak more than 6 hours)
- Weight less (less than 15 grams a day)
Issues to consider when the above comes:
- Infection (eg ear infection, urinary infection, meningitis, appendicitis)
- Intestinal pain (eg food allergies, acid reflux, constipation, bowel obstruction)
- Difficulty breathing (eg from cold, excessive dust, congenital nasal blockage, large tongue)
- Increased brain pressure (eg, hematoma, hydrocephalus)
- Skin pain (eg loose diaper pin, irritated rash, hairs wrapped around toes)
- Pain in the mouth (eg yeast infection)
- Kidney pain (eg blockage of the urinary tract system)
- Eye pain (eg scratched cornea, glaucoma)
- Overdose (eg excessive Vitamin D, excess sodium)
- Others (eg migraine headaches, heart failure, hyperthyroidism)
A persistent infant with poor weight, vomiting more than 5 times a day, or other significant eating problems should be evaluated for other diseases (eg urinary tract infections, bowel obstruction, acid reflux).
Treatment
Colic management is generally conservative and involves the assurance of parents. Calming steps can be used and include: nappies with flexed legs, carrying babies on either side or stomach, swinging the sides of the baby sideways or backwards while supporting the head, making inevitable sounds, and feeding or using a pacifier. Eye contact, speech, and baby holding are also normal actions, although it is not entirely clear whether this action has an effect beyond the placebo.
Medication
No drug is found safe and effective. Simethicone is safe but does not appear to be functioning, while disiklomine works but is not safe. The evidence does not support the use of cimetropium bromide, and there is little evidence for alternative medicine or techniques. While drugs to treat reflux often occur, there is no evidence that they are useful.
Diet
Dietary changes by infants are generally unnecessary. In breastfeeding mothers, maternal hypoallergenic diet - not eating milk and dairy products, eggs, wheat, and nuts - can fix the problem, while elimination of cow's milk does not seem to produce improvement. In formula-fed infants, switching to a soy-based or hydrolyzed protein formula can help. Evidence of greater benefits for a hydrolyzed protein formula with the benefit of a debatable soy-based formula. In addition these two formulas have a larger and unacceptable cost. Supplementation with fiber has not proven beneficial.
Alternative medicine
There is no obvious beneficial effect of spinal manipulation or massage that has been demonstrated. Furthermore, since there is no safety evidence for cervical manipulation for colicky infants, it is not recommended. There is the case of a three-month-old man dying of manipulation of the neck area.
There is no evidence to support the effectiveness of what is called "gripe water", and its use poses a risk, especially in formulations that include alcohol or sugar. Evidence does not support lactase, or formula supplementation with probiotics. The use of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri in breast-fed infants has temporary evidence.
Prognosis
Colicky babies do as well as their non-colic friends with respect to temperament at the age of one year.
Epidemiology
Colic affects 10-40% of children. occurs at the same rate in boys and girls.
History
The word "colic" comes from the ancient Greek word for intestine (sharing the same root with the word "gut").
It is an ancient practice for babies crying medicine. During the second century, Greek physician Galen prescribed opium to calm fussy babies, and during the Middle Ages in Europe mothers and nurses wet their nipples with opium lotion before feeding. Alcohol is also commonly given to infants.
In recent decades, doctors recommend treating colicky babies with tranquilizers (eg phenobarbital, Valium, alcohol), analgesics (eg opium) or anti-spasm drugs (eg scopolamine, donny, disiklomine), but these are no longer recommended because of potential serious side effects, including death.
References
External links
- Baby colic in Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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