Georgi Ivanov Markov (Bulgarian: ?????? ?????? ?????? ; March 1, 1929 - 11 September 1978) is a Bulgarian opposition writer.
Markov originally worked as a novelist and dramatist in his home country, the People's Republic of Bulgaria, until his defection in 1968. After his move, he worked as a broadcaster and journalist for BBC World Service, US-funded Radio Free Europe and Deutsche Welle Germany. Markov used such forums to conduct a sarcastic critique campaign against the ruling Bulgarian regime, which, according to his wife at the time of death, eventually became "vigorous" and included "mud that really littered the people in the inner circle."
Georgi Markov was murdered on the London road through a richer micro-engineered pellets, fired at his feet from an umbrella held by someone associated with the Bulgarian Secret Service. It has been speculated that they are asking for KGB help.
Video Georgi Markov
Life in Bulgaria
Georgi Markov was born on March 1, 1929, in Knyazhevo, a Sofia neighborhood. In 1946 he graduated from the Gymnasium (high school) and started his university studies in industrial chemistry. Markov initially worked as a chemical engineer and a teacher at an engineering school. At the age of 19 he fell ill with tuberculosis that forced him to attend various hospitals. His first literary effort took place at that time. In 1957 a novel of The Night of Celcius appeared. Soon another novel The Ajax Winners (1959) and two short story collections (1961) were published. In 1962 Markov published the Men's Award-winning novel which won an annual award from the Bulgarian Writers Association and was later accepted as a member of the Society, a prerequisite for a professional career in literature. Georgi Markov began work at the publishing house Narodna Mladezh. The collection of stories of A Portrait of My Double (1966) and The Women of Warsaw (1968) ensures its place as one of the most talented young writers in Bulgaria. Markov also wrote a number of plays but most of them were never staged or removed from the theater repertoire by the Communist censorship: To Crawl Under the Rainbow , Elevator , Murder in Cul- de-Sac , Stalinist , and I Am Him . The Roof novel was stopped in the middle of a printing press because it was described as fact and in allegorical terms the collapse of the roof of the Lenin steel plant. Markov is one of the authors of the famous TV series On Every Milestone that created the character of World War II Detective Velinsky and his arch-rivals Deyanov.
Despite the prohibitions of some of his works, Georgi Markov has been a successful writer. He was among the writers and poets that Zhivkov tried to co-opt and force to serve the regime with their works. During this period Markov had a bohemian lifestyle unknown to most Bulgarians.
Maps Georgi Markov
Author and dissident
In 1969, Markov left for Bologna, Italy, where his brother lived. His initial idea was to wait until his status with the Bulgarian authorities improved, but he gradually changed his mind and decided to stay in the West, especially after September 1971 when the Bulgarian government refused to renew his passport. Markov moved to London where he studied English and began working for the Bulgarian part of BBC World Service (1972). He tried to work for the film industry, hoping for help from Peter Uvaliev, but to no avail. Later he also worked with Deutsche Welle and Radio Free Europe. In 1972, Markov membership in the Union of Bulgarian Writers was suspended and he was sentenced to in absentia up to six years and six months in jail for his defection.
His works were withdrawn from the library and bookstore and his name was not mentioned by the Bulgarian official media until 1989. Bulgarian Secret Service initiated the Markov file codenamed "Wanderer". In 1974 the game To Crawl Under the Rainbow was staged in London, while in Edinburgh the drama
Between 1975 and 1978, Markov undertook an analysis of In Absentia Reports of life in Bulgarian Communist. They are broadcast weekly on Radio Free Europe. Their criticism of the Communist government and personally Party leader Todor Zhivkov made Markov more enemies of the regime.
Today, we Bulgarians present a good example of what lies beneath the cover that we can not lift and which we no longer believe others can lift... And the endless slogan that millions of loudspeakers lit is that everyone fights for other happiness. Every word spoken under cover constantly changes its meaning. Lies and truths exchange their values ​​with alternating current frequencies... We have seen how personality disappears, how individuality is destroyed, how the spiritual life of all human beings is destroyed to turn it into an uninteresting flock of sheep. We have seen so many humiliating demonstrations of human dignity, in which normal people are expected to praise some ordinary people who have proclaimed themselves as demigods and lowered the waves to them from an inviolable height of the police...
In 1978, Markov was assassinated in London by an operation connected with the KGB and the Bulgarian secret police under Zhivkov. His In the Absentia Report was published in Bulgaria in 1990, following the end of Communist rule.
In 2000, Markov was posthumously awarded the Order of Stara Planina, the most prestigious honor in Bulgaria, for his "significant contribution to Bulgarian literature, drama and non-fiction and for his remarkable civil position and confrontation with the Communist regime."
Murder
On September 7, 1978, Markov walked across the Waterloo Bridge that stretched the River Thames, and waited at the bus stop to take the bus to his workplace on the BBC. She felt a slight sharp pain, like a bite or an insect sting, behind her right thigh. He looks behind him and sees a man taking an umbrella from the ground. The man hurriedly crossed to the other side of the road and took a taxi which then drove away. The show is referred to as "Murder Umbrella" with a killer who claimed to be Francesco Gullino, codenamed "Piccadilly".
When he arrived at the BBC World Service office, Markov noticed a small red pimple forming in the spot where his sting had felt and the pain had not eased or stopped. He told at least one of his BBC colleagues about the incident. That night he had a fever and was treated at St James's Hospital in Balham, where he died four days later, on September 11, 1978, at the age of 49. The cause of death poisoned poisonous pellets.
Markov's grave is in a small church in St. Candida's Church and the Holy Cross at Whitchurch Canonicorum, Dorset.
Investigation and thereafter
Because of the circumstances and statements Markov made to the doctor who expressed the suspicion that he had been poisoned, the Metropolitan Police ordered a thorough autopsy of Markov's body. Dr. Bernard Riley, a forensic pathologist, invented a round-pin metal pellet that was embedded in Markov's feet.
The pellet is measured in diameter 1.70 mm (0.07 inches) and consists of 90% platinum and 10% iridium. It has two holes with a diameter of 0.35 mm (0.01 in) drilled through it, producing an X-shaped cavity. Further examination by experts from Porton Down shows that the pellets contain traces of poison ricin. The sweet substance coats the tiny holes that create the bubbles that trap the ricin inside the cavity. The specially designed coating is designed to melt at 37 ° C (human body temperature). When the pellets are fired into Markov, a layer of melt and free ricin is absorbed into the bloodstream and kills it. Regardless of whether doctors who treat Markov have known that the toxin is ricin, the results will be the same, since no known antidote for the risin at that time.
Ten days before the killings, an attempt was made to kill another Bulgarian defector, Vladimir Kostov, in the same way as Markov, at a metro station in Paris. Doctors find the same type of pellets on their skin. However, it seems that the pellet sugar layer that protects the ricin content is damaged during a shot or earlier, and thus, only a small toxin gets into its blood, causing only a fever. Kostov reported that the shot came from a man carrying a small bag, but not an umbrella. The main reason for this was the Markov declaration that saw the umbrella but never said he was shot by him. However, forensic experts claim that the possibility of a "shotgun" that shoots the bullet may be very sophisticated, another reason to believe in state action.
KGB defectors including Oleg Kalugin and Oleg Gordievsky have confirmed that the KGB regulates murder, even presenting Bulgarian killers with alternatives such as poisoned jelly to smear Markov's skin, but to this day no one has been accused of Markov's murder, especially since most documents related to his death may be destroyed. The British newspaper The Times has reported that the main suspect is an Italian named Francesco Gullino (or Giullino) the last known to live in Denmark.
A British documentary, The Umbrella Assassin (2006), interviewed persons associated with cases in Bulgaria, the United Kingdom, Denmark and the United States, and revealed that the main suspect, Gullino, was alive and well, and still traveling freely throughout Europe.
There was a report in June 2008 that Scotland Yard has renewed interest in the case. Detectives are sent to Bulgaria and requests are made to interview the relevant individual.
Artificial attack
- On May 11, 2012, a German gentleman (unnamed in a press report) died almost a year after being stabbed with an umbrella in the city of Hannover. German police - who noted a resemblance to the Markov case - believe the umbrella was used to inject mercury, and the cause of deaths reported was mercury poisoning.
See also
- Defender list East Block
- Unsolved list of murders in the United Kingdom
- Incidents involving risin
- Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko
References
Further reading
-
Mark, Georgi; David Phillips (1978). Right, Chimpanzee. Secker & amp; Warburg. ISBN: 978-0-436-48310-3. - Markov, Georgi (1984). The Truth Who Kills . Ticknor & amp; Fields. ISBN: 978-0-89919-296-3.
- Emsley, John (2008). Murder Molecule . Royal Society of Chemistry. ISBN: 978-0-85404-965-3.
- Volodarsky, Boris (2009). KGB Toxic Factory: From Lenin to Litvinenko . Front Line Book. ISBN: 978-1-84832-542-5.
- Gregg, Stefanie (June 8, 2015). Und der Duft nach WeiÃÆ'Ÿ (in German). Forever. ISBN: 3958180450.
External links
- Markov assassin is revealed. After 26 years, police hope to bring the killer to court by Nick Paton Walsh. June 6, 2005. (The Guardian)
- WNET (PBS) "The Secrets of the Dead" on murder investigations.
- Georgi Markov "The Umbrella Assassination" mvm.ed.ac.uk
- "Poison Umbrella" Yveta Kenety, at: The New Presence 4/2006, S. 46-48
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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