Back to the Future is a 1985 American science fiction film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale. It stars Michael J. Fox as a teenager Marty McFly, who accidentally traveled back in time to 1955, where he meets his future parents and becomes his mother's romantic interest. Christopher Lloyd describes the eccentric scientist Dr. Emmett "Doc" Brown, inventor of DeLorean, who helped Marty improve history and returned to 1985.
Zemeckis and Gale wrote the script after Gale wondered if he would be friends with his father if they went to school together. The film studio rejected it until the financial success of Zemeckis' Romancing the Stone . Zemeckis approached Steven Spielberg, who agreed to produce the project at Amblin Entertainment, with Universal Pictures as a distributor. Fox was the first choice to play Marty, but he was busy filming his television series Family Ties, and Eric Stoltz was elected; After Stoltz and the filmmakers decided he was wrong for the role, a deal was made to allow Fox to film Back to the Future without disturbing his television schedule.
Back to the Future was released on July 3, 1985 and grossed over $ 381 million worldwide, becoming the best-selling film of 1985. It won the Hugo Award for Best Drama Presentation, Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Films, and Academy Award for Best Sound Effect Editing. It received three Academy Award nominations, five BAFTA nominations, and four Golden Globe nominations, including Best Motion Picture (Musical or Comedy). In 2007, the Library of Congress voted for preservation at the National Film Registry, and in June 2008, AFI 10 Top 10 of the American Film Institute marked it the 10th best science fiction movie. The film started the franchise including two sequels, Back to the Future Part II (1989) and Back to the Future Part III (1990), animated series, theme park ride, and some video games.
Video Back to the Future
Plot
In 1985 Hill Valley, California, teenager Marty McFly and his girlfriend, Jennifer Parker, were punished by the principal for being late. Marty auditioned for the Battle of the Bands, but was rejected for being too harsh. At home, Marty's father, George, was bullied by his boss, Biff Tannen, while his mother, Lorraine, an alcoholic who was overweight and depressed. Lorraine remembers how he met George when his father hit him with his car.
Marty was invited by his friend, the eccentric inventor Dr. Emmett Brown, to meet him in the parking lot in the early hours. Doc introduced a time machine built from DeLorean that was modified and powered by plutonium stolen from terrorists. Preparing to demonstrate the time machine, Doc set the date until November 5, 1955: the day he found time travel. The terrorists arrive and shoot Doc. Marty escaped in DeLorean, but inadvertently activated the time machine.
Marty found himself in 1955 without enough plutonium to return. He met George, who was bullied by his classmate, Biff. After Marty saves George from an oncoming car, he collapses and wakes up to find himself inclined by Lorraine, who is infatuated with him.
Marty traces Doc's young self for help. Without plutonium, Doc explains that the only resource capable of generating 1.21 gigawatts of electricity required for a time machine is lightning. Marty shows Doc a leaflet from the future that tells of lightning strikes at the city court building for the next Saturday night.
Doc instructs Marty not to leave his home or interact with anyone, because he can inadvertently change the future; Therefore, Doc refuses to pay attention to Marty's warning of his death in 1985. Marty realizes that he has blocked his parents to meet and Doc warns him that Marty will be removed from his whereabouts if he finds no way to introduce George to Lorraine.. Doc formulated a plan to harness the power of lightning, while Marty began introducing his parents.
After Lorraine asks Marty to the school dance, Marty makes a plan: he will pretend to be inappropriate in Lorraine, let George "rescue" him. The plan went awry when a drunken Biff tried to force himself on Lorraine. George, angry, beat out Biff, and Lorraine followed him to the dance floor, where they kissed while Marty performed with the band.
When the storm came, Marty returned to the clock tower and the lightning strike, sending Marty back to 1985. Doc had survived the shooting, as he listened to Marty's warning and wore a bulletproof vest. Doc takes Marty home and leaves for the future. Marty awakens the next morning to discover that George is a successful writer, Lorraine is fit and happy, and Biff is now an automatic valet. When Marty reunited with Jennifer, DeLorean appeared with Doc, insisting that they accompany her until 2015 to resolve the issue with their children in the future. DeLorean trio board and warp into the future.
Maps Back to the Future
Cast
Production
Development
Writer and producer Bob Gale contains Back to the Future after he visits his parents at St. Louis, Missouri after the release of Used Cars . Searching for their basement, Gale finds her father's high school yearbook and finds she is the head of her graduation class. Gale does not know the president of his graduation class himself, and wonders if he will be friends with his father if they go to high school together. When he returned to California, Gale told director Robert Zemeckis about the idea. Zemeckis thought of a mother who claimed that she had never kissed a boy at school when, in fact, she did not like to vote. Both took the project to Columbia Pictures, and made a development agreement for the manuscript in September 1980.
Zemeckis and Gale set the story up in 1955 because a 17-year-old teenager traveling to meet his parents at the same age arithmetically required the manuscript to travel to that decade. This era also marks the emergence of adolescents as an important cultural element, the birth of rock n 'roll, and suburban expansion, which gives a sense of the story. In the initial script, the time machine is a refrigerator, and Marty will need atomic force explosion on the Nevada Test Site to return home. Zemeckis was worried that children would accidentally lock themselves in the refrigerator, and felt it was more useful if the time machine was moving. The DeLorean DMC-12 was chosen because its design made a joke about a farmer's family mistaking the flying saucers to be believed. Zemeckis and Gale found it difficult to create a trustworthy friendship between Marty and Brown before they created a gigantic guitar amplifier, and only solved Oedipalnya relationships with Marty's mother when they wrote the line, "It's like I kissed my sister." Biff Tannen was named after studio executive Ned Tanen, who behaved aggressively against Zemeckis and Gale during a scripture meeting for I Want Hold Your Hand .
The first draft Back to the Future was completed in February 1981 and presented to Columbia, which plays this movie. "They thought it was a very good movie, cute, warm, but not sexually enough," Gale said. "They suggested we take him to Disney, but we decided to see if any other big studios wanted us." Every major movie studio rejects the script for the next four years, while Back to the Future goes through two more drafts. During the early 1980s, popular teen comedies (such as Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Porky's ) were vulquÃÆ'Â © and intended for adults, so the script was rejected for being too light. Gale and Zemeckis eventually pitched Back to the Future to Disney, but they felt the story of a mother falling in love with her son was not appropriate for a family movie under the Disney name.
Both are tempted to partner with Steven Spielberg, who produces Used Cars and I Want Hold Your Hand , both of which are box office bombs. Zemeckis and Gale had initially shown scenarios to Spielberg, who had "loved" it. Spielberg, however, was absent from the project during development because Zemeckis felt if he produced another failure under him, he would never be able to make another movie. Gale said "we are afraid that we will get a reputation that we are two people who can only get jobs because we are friends with Steven Spielberg." Zemeckis chose to direct Romancing the Stone instead, which was a box office success. Now, a high profile director, Zemeckis approves Spielberg back with the concept. Agree to produce Back to the Future, Spielberg arranges this project at his production company Amblin Entertainment, with Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall joining Spielberg as executive producer for the film.
Scripts remain with Columbia until the legal issue forces them to retreat. The studio will start filming a comedy delivery of Double Indemnity titled Big Trouble . Columbia's legal department decides that the movie plot is too similar to Double Indemnity and they need permission from Universal Pictures, the previous movie owner, if the movie will start filming. With Big Trouble set to go, desperate Columbia executives called Universal's Frank Price to get the necessary documents. Price is a former Columbia executive who loves scripts for Back to the Future during his tenure there. As a result, Universal agrees to trade the Double Indemnity license in exchange for the right to Back to the Future .
Sidney Sheinberg's executive made suggestions for the script, such as changing the name of Marty's mother from Meg to Lorraine (his wife's name, actress Lorraine Gary), changing the Brown's name from Professor Brown to Doc Brown, and replacing Doc's pet chimpanzee with the dog. Sheinberg also wants the title to be changed to Spaceman from Pluto , sure no successful movie ever has a "future" in the title. He suggested Marty introduce himself as "Darth Vader of Pluto planet" while dressed as an alien (not a "Vulcan planet"), and that the peasant child's comic book is titled Spaceman from Pluto rather than Zombie Space from Pluto . Surprised, Zemeckis asked Spielberg for help. Spielberg dictated the memo to Sheinberg assuring him that they thought his title was a joke, so it embarrassed him to drop the idea. The original climax was considered too expensive by Universal executives and simplified by keeping plots within Hill Valley and incorporating a clocktower sequence. Spielberg used the eliminated refrigerator and elements of the Nevada nuclear site in his film in 2008 Indiana Jones and the Crystal Skull Kingdom .
Casting
Michael J. Fox is the first choice to play Marty McFly, but he is committed to the Family Ties event. Ties' Family producer Gary David Goldberg feels that Fox is crucial to the success of the event. With fellow star Meredith Baxter on maternity leave, she refused to allow Fox time to work in a movie. Back to the Future was originally scheduled for release in May 1985 and it was late in 1984 when it was discovered that Fox would not be able to star in the film. The next two choices of Zemeckis are C. Thomas Howell and Eric Stoltz. Stoltz impressed the producers simply with his previous depictions of Roy L. Dennis in Mask (that have not been released) that they chose him to play Marty McFly. Due to the difficult casting process, the start date is pushed back twice.
Four weeks into filming, Zemeckis determined that Stoltz was wrong. Although he and Spielberg are aware that the movie's filming will add $ 3 million to the $ 14 million budget they decide to reorganize. Spielberg explains Zemeckis feels Stoltz is not comedic enough and gives "a very dramatic appearance ". Gale further explained that they felt Stoltz was just playing the role, while Fox himself had a personality like Marty McFly. He feels Stoltz is not comfortable up a skateboard, while Fox does not. Stoltz confessed to director Peter Bogdanovich during a phone call, two weeks before filming, that he was unsure about the direction of Zemeckis and Gale, and agreed that he was wrong for the role.
Fox's schedule opened in January 1985 when Baxter returned to Family Ties after her pregnancy. The Back to the Future The crew meets with Goldberg again, which agrees that Fox's top priority is Family Ties , and if scheduling conflict arises, "we win". Fox liked the script and was impressed by Zemeckis and Gale's sensitivity in releasing Stoltz, as they remained "talking very highly of him". Per Welinder and Bob Schmelzer helped in the skateboard scene. Fox finds his portrayal of Marty McFly very personal. "What I do in high school is skateboarding, chasing women and playing in a band, I even dream of becoming a rock star."
Christopher Lloyd plays Doc Brown after first choice, John Lithgow, becomes unavailable. After working with Lloyd at Buckaroo Banzai Adventure (1984), producer Neil Canton suggested it for the section. Lloyd initially refused the role, but changed his mind after reading the manuscript and on his wife's persistence. He improvised some of his scenes, taking inspiration from Albert Einstein and conductor Leopold Stokowski. Brown pronounces gigawatts as "jigawatts," which is how a physician utters the word when he meets with Zemeckis and Gale when they examine the script, rather than with a harsh initial "g", although both pronunciations are acceptable. Doc Brown's famous phrase came about because at 6'1 "Lloyd is much taller than Fox at 5'5", and they need to take a closer look at his height.
Crispin Glover plays George McFly. Zemeckis says Glover has improved a lot from George's stupid behavior, like his trembling hands. The director joked that he "unceasingly threw a net over Crispin because he really lost about fifty percent of his time in his interpretation of character". Due to contract disputes, Glover was replaced by Jeffrey Weissman in Part II and Part III.
Lea Thompson plays Lorraine McFly because she acts contrary to Stoltz in The Wild Life; the producers noticed it when they watched the movie while casting Stoltz. His prosthetic makeup for the scene at the beginning of the film, made in 1985, took three and a half hours to apply.
Thomas F. Wilson served as Biff Tannen because the producer felt that the original choice, J. J. Cohen, was not physically compelling enough to bully Stoltz. Cohen was rearranged as Skinhead, one of Biff's cohorts. Had Fox been cast from the beginning, Cohen would probably have won that part because he was taller than Fox.
Melora Hardin initially played a role in Marty's girlfriend, Jennifer, but was released after Stoltz was dismissed, with the explanation that the actress was now too tall to play against Fox. Hardin was dismissed before he could shoot a scene and was replaced by Claudia Wells. Actress Jill Schoelen is also considered playing Marty's girlfriend.
Filming
After Stoltz's departure, Fox's weekday schedule consists of shooting Family Ties during the day, and Back to the Future from 6:30 to 2:30 in the morning. He averages five hours of sleep each night. On Friday, he fired from 10 pm to 6 or 7 am, and then moved to an exterior movie scene all weekend, because only then was he available during the daytime hours. Fox was exhausted, but "it was my dream to be in the film and television business, even though I did not know I was going to be in it at the same time.This was just a strange ride and I went up." Zemeckis agrees, dubbing Back to the Future "movies that will not wrap". He remembered that because they were shooting night after night, he was always "half sleep" and "the fattest, least shapeless and sick I've ever experienced".
The square scene of Hill Valley city was shot in Courthouse Square, located in Universal Studios backlot ( 34.141417 Â ° 118.349771 Â ° W / 34.141417; -118.349771 ). Gale explained that it was impossible to shoot at the scene "because no city will let the film crew overhaul their city to look like in the 1950s." The filmmakers "decided to take pictures of all the first 50s, and make the city look so beautiful and beautiful, then we would really destroy it and make it all dingy and ugly for the 1980s scene." The interior for Doc Brown's home was shot in Robert R. Blacker House, while the exterior took place in Gamble House. Photo exterior of Twin Pines Mall, and then Lone Pine Mall (from 1985) shot at Puente Hills Mall in City of Industry, California. Exterior photos and some interior scenes at Hill Valley High School were filmed at Whittier High School in Whittier, California. The Battle of the Bands battle was filmed at the McCambridge Park Recreation Center in Burbank, and the dance "Underwater Enchantment" was filmed in the gym at Hollywood United Methodist Church. Baines' outdoor scene in 1955 was shot at Bushnell Avenue, South Pasadena, California.
The shoot was wrapped after 100 days on April 20, 1985, and the film was postponed from May to August. But after a very positive test ("I've never seen such a preview," said Frank Marshall, "the audience rose to the ceiling"), Sheinberg chose to move the release date to July 3rd. To make sure the film meets this new date, two editors, Arthur Schmidt and Harry Keramidas, are assigned to the picture, while many voice editors work 24 hours shifted on film. Eight minutes cut, including Marty watching her mother cheat during the exam, George stuck in the phone booth before saving Lorraine, as well as many Marty who pretend to be Darth Vader. Zemeckis almost cut the "Johnny B. Goode" sequence because he feels it does not advance the story, but the preview audience loves it, so it's saved. Industrial Lights & amp; Magic created 32 movie effects, which did not satisfy Zemeckis and Gale until a week before the filming date. The composites involved for the movie time sequence, as well as for the lightning effect in the climactic clock tower scene, are handled by animation watchdog Wes Takahashi, who will also work on the next two Back to the Future movies with other ILM crews.
Music
Alan Silvestri collaborated with Zemeckis at Romancing the Stone , but Spielberg did not like the movie's score. Zemeckis suggests Silvestri to make his compositions grand and epic, despite the small scale of the film, to impress Spielberg. Silvestri began recording a score two weeks before the first preview. He also suggested Kwik Lewis and News made the theme song. Their first attempt was rejected by Universal, before they recorded "The Power of Love". The studio liked the last song, but disappointed it did not show the movie title, so they had to send a memo to the radio station to always mention its relationship with Back to the Future . In the end, the song "Back in Time" is featured in the movie, playing during the scene when Marty wakes up after returning to 1985 and also at the end of the credit.
Although it seems that Fox actually played guitar, Bones Howe's music superintendent hired guitar coach and Hollywood musician Paul Hanson to teach Fox to simulate the game of all sections so that it would look realistic, including playing behind his head. Fox slipped "Johnny B. Goode" into vocals by Mark Campbell (from Jack Mack and Heart Attack fame), with a guitar solo played by Tim May.
The original 1985 soundtrack album included only two songs taken from Silvestri's compositions for the film, both songs of Kwik Lewis, songs played in the movie by fictitious band Marvin Berry and The Starlighters (and Marty McFly), incorrectly a 1950s classic song in a movie, and two pop songs that were only briefly heard in the background of the movie. On November 24, 2009, a set of two official and limited-edition CDs of the entire score was released by Intrada Records.
Release
Back to the Future opened on July 3, 1985, on 1,200 screens in North America. Zemeckis is worried that the film will fail because Fox has to film the London Family Ties special and can not promote the film. Gale is also not satisfied with Universal Pictures tagline "Did you tell me that my mother has a crush for me?".
When the film was released on VHS in 1986, Universal added a "To be continued..." graphic at the end to raise awareness of production on Part I . This title was omitted on the DVD movie release in 2002 and on the next Blu-ray and DVD releases.
In October 2010, in commemoration of the 25th anniversary of the film, Back to the Future is digitally restored and rejuvenated for theatrical re-releases in the US, UK and Italy. This release also coincides with the Blu-ray Disc release of the Universal Pictures Home Entertainment trilogy.
On October 21, 2015, the futuristic date depicted in Part II , the entire trilogy was re-released theatrically for a day in celebration of the film's 30th anniversary.
Reception
box office
Back to the Future spent 11 weeks at number one. Gale remembers "Our second weekend was higher than our first weekend, which is a big mouth-to-mouth indication. Lampoon European Holiday came out in August and it kicked us out of number one for a week and then we're back to number one. "The film reached $ 210.61 million in North America and $ 173.2 million overseas, collecting a total of $ 383.87 million worldwide. Back to the Future had the fourth highest opening weekend of 1985 and was the best-selling film of the year. Box Office Mojo estimates that the film sold over 59 million tickets in the US.
Critical response
At the Metacritic review gatherer, which gives a normalized rating of 100, the film received an average score of 86/100, which showed "universal recognition", based on 12 reviews. Aggregator reviews Rotten Tomatoes reported that 96% of critics gave positive reviews on the film, based on 77 reviews, which stated "Fresh", with an average rating of 8.7 out of 10 and a consensus: "Inventive, funny, and panting, > Back to the Future is a festive time travel journey with unforgettable spirit. "
Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times feels Back to the Future has a theme similar to Frank Capra's films, especially It's a Great Life . Ebert commented "[Producer] Steven Spielberg imitated the great past of classic Hollywood cinema, specializing in proper director matching (Robert Zemeckis) with the right project." He gave 3 1/2 movies out of 4 stars. Janet Maslin of The New York Times believes that the film has a well-balanced storyline: "This is a cinematic discovery of humor and weird, strange stories for a long time to come." Christopher Null, who first watched the movie as a teenager, called it "a 1980s classic film that combines science fiction, action, comedy and romance, all of which are the perfect little package kids and adults will eat." Dave Kehr of Chicago Reader felt Gale and Zemeckis write very well-balanced texts with science fiction, seriousness and humor. Variety praised the show, arguing that Fox and Lloyd animated Marty and Doc Brown's friendship with qualities that reminded King Arthur and Merlin. BBC News praises the intricacies of the "exceptionally executed" script, commenting that "nobody says anything that does not matter to the plot later." Dennis Fischer of Cinefantastique gave the film four stars out of five, calling it an "instant classic". Back to the Future appeared on Gene Siskel's top ten list in 1985.
Accolades
At the 58th Academy Awards, Back to the Future won for Best Sound Effects Editing, while Zemeckis and Gale were nominated for Best Original Screenplay, "The Power of Love" nominated for Best Original Song, and Bill Varney , B. Tennyson Sebastian II, Robert Thirlwell and William B. Kaplan were nominated for Best Sound Mixing. The film won the Hugo Award for Best Drama Presentation and Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film. Michael J. Fox and visual effects designers won categories at the Saturn Awards. Zemeckis, composer Alan Silvestri, costume design and supporting actors Christopher Lloyd, Lea Thompson, Crispin Glover and Thomas F. Wilson were also nominated. The film was nominated for many BAFTAs at the 39th UK Film Academy Awards, including Best Films, original scenarios, visual effects, production design and editing. At the 43rd Golden Globe Awards, Back to the Future is nominated for Best Motion Picture (Original Music or Comedy), original song (for "The Power of Love"), Best Actor in Movie Movie or Comedy Movie (Fox) and Best Screenplay for Zemeckis and Gale.
Legacy
President Ronald Reagan, a movie buff, referred to the film at the United Union Address in 1986 when he said, "There has never been a more enjoyable time to live, a miracle and a heroic achievement, because they say in the movie Back to The Future , 'Where do we go, we do not need a way'. "When he first saw a joke about him becoming president, he ordered the theater projections to stop the scroll, roll back, and run it again.
The film is ranked 28th on the Entertainment Weekly list of 50 High School Movies. In 2008, Back to the Future was voted the 23rd greatest movie ever made by readers Empire . It's also placed on a similar list by The New York Times , a list of 1000 movies. In January 2010, Movie Total included the movie in the 100 Greatest Movies of All Time list. In 2007, the film was selected for preservation in the US National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as "culture, history, or aesthetically significant". In 2006, the original scenario for Back to the Future was selected by the Writers Guild of America as the 56th best-case scenario of all time.
In June 2008, the American Film Institute revealed 10 Top 10 AFIs - ten of the best movies in ten genres of American classic movies - after polling over 1,500 people from the creative community. Back to the Future is recognized as the 10th best movie in the science fiction genre.
A musical theater production, also called Back to the Future , is in development for its debut at London's West End theater during the 30th anniversary of the film in 2015. Zemeckis and Gale reunited to write the drama, while Silvestri and Glen Ballard provides music.
Marty McFly's skateboard scene in the movie takes place during sub-skateboarding skateboarding and many skateboarders, as well as companies in the industry, pay tribute to the film for its influence in this regard. An example can be seen in the promotional material, in interviews where professional skateboarders cite the film as an initiation into action sports, and in public recognition of the influence of the film.
Back to the Future ranked the 10th in Film4 50 Films to See Before You Die .
Sequel
Back to the Future successfully led to two sequeled movies: Back to the Future Part II and Back to the Future Part III .
Part II was released on November 22, 1989, for the same mixed reviews and financial success as the original, ending as the third grossing film of the year worldwide. The film continues directly from Ending Back to the Future and follows Marty and Doc as they travel into the future of 2015, alternatives 1985, and 1955 where Marty must improve the future while avoiding his past self. from the original movie. Part II became famous for setting and predicting technology in 2015 like a hoverboard.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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