Eli Lilly and Company is a global pharmaceutical company headquartered in Indianapolis, Indiana, with offices in 18 countries. Its products are sold in around 125 countries. The company was founded in 1876 by Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and veteran of the American Civil War, after whom the company was named.
Lilly's key achievements include being the first company to mass-produce polio vaccines developed by Jonas Salk, and insulin. This is one of the first pharmaceutical companies to produce human insulin using recombinant DNA including Humulin (insulin drug), Humalog (Insulin lispro), and the first approved biosimilar insulin product in the US, Basaglar (insulin glargine).
Lilly is currently the largest producer of psychiatric drugs and manufactures Prozac (fluoxetine), Dolophine (methadone), Cymbalta (duloxetine), and Zyprexa (olanzapine).
The company is ranked No. 132 in the Fortune 500. It is ranked 221 on the Forbes Global 2000 list of the world's largest publicly traded company and 252 in the Forbes List of the Best Entrepreneurs of America.
Eli Lilly is a full member of the European Federation of Industrial and Pharmaceutical Associations (EFPIA).
In 1997, it was the largest charitable company and largest charity in Indiana.
Video Eli Lilly and Company
History
Founder of the company
The founder of the company is Colonel Eli Lilly, a pharmaceutical chemist and veteran of Union soldiers from the American Civil War. Lilly served as president of the company until his death in 1898. The stylized version of his signature still appears in the company logo.
In 1869, after working at a drugstore in Greencastle and Indianapolis, Indiana, Lilly became a partner at a drugstore in Paris, Illinois, with James W. Binford. Although the drug store was profitable, Lilly was more interested in drug manufacturing than running a pharmacy. He began to devise a plan to create his own company. Lilly left a partnership with Binford in 1873 and returned to Indianapolis. Lilly opened a drug-making operation called Johnston and Lilly with John F. Johnston as his partner in 1874, but dissolved a failed partnership on March 27, 1876. Lilly used his share of assets, which amounted to about $ 400 in merchandise (some equipment and some gallons of unmixed chemicals) and about $ 1,000 in cash, to open his own pharmaceutical manufacturing business in Indianapolis in May 1876. His new business venture became Eli Lilly and Company.
Initial days: 1870-1900
On May 10, 1876, Lilly opened her own laboratory in a rented two-story brick building (now demolished) at 15 West Pearl Street in Indianapolis, where she began to produce drugs. The sign outside, above the door of the store, reads: "Eli Lilly, the Chemist." Lilly started his manufacturing business with $ 1,400 ($ 31,163 in 2015 chained dollars) in working capital and three employees: Albert Hall (head of merger), Caroline Kruger (bottle and product), and fourteen-year-old Lilly's son Josiah (JK ), who quit school to work with his father as an apprentice.
One of the first drugs that Lilly began to produce was quinine, a drug used to treat malaria. The result is a "tenfold" increase in sales. By the end of 1876, the first year of its business, sales reached $ 4,470 ($ 99,499 in 2015 chained dollars). By the end of 1877 sales had reached $ 11,318 ($ 251,932 in 2015 chained dollars), and by 1879 they had grown to $ 48,000 ($ 1,221,086 in 2015 chained dollars). Lilly hired her brother, James, as her first full-time salesman in 1878. James and the next sales team marketed the company's medicines nationwide.
The company surpassed its first location on Pearl Street, where it remained from 1876 to 1878, and moved to a larger place on 36 South Meridian Street. In 1881, Lilly bought a building complex on property in McCarty and Alabama Streets and moved the company to its new headquarters in the industrial estate south of Indianapolis. Lilly then purchased additional facilities for research and production.
Lilly is committed to producing high-quality prescription drugs, in contrast to common and often ineffective patent medications. From its facility in Indianapolis, the company produces and sells "ethical drugs" for use by the medical profession. Lilly's medicines include labels that reveal product ingredients. Lilly's first innovation was gelatin-coating for pills and capsules. Other early company innovations include fruit flavoring and sugar pills, which make medicines more easily swallowed.
In 1881, Lilly formally incorporated the business as Eli Lilly and Company, elects the board of directors, and issues shares for family members and close associates. The only son of Colonel Lilly, Josiah (J. K.), a pharmaceutical chemist, graduated from Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in 1882, and joined the family business as his laboratory inspector after college. J. K. became president of the company in 1898. In 1883, the company contracted to mix and sell Succus Alteran, the very first successful product and one of its best sellers. This product is marketed as a "blood purifier" and as a treatment for syphilis, several types of rheumatism, and skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. The sale of this product provides funds for Lilly to expand its manufacturing and research facilities. In the late 1880s, Colonel Lilly was one of the leading businesspeople in Indianapolis, whose company had over a hundred employees and had $ 200,000 ($ 5,276,296 in 2015 chained dollars) in annual sales.
As Lilly's company grew, other businesses set up operations near the plant near the south side of Indianapolis. This area developed into one of the main business and industrial centers of the city. The production, production, research and operations of the Lilly administration in Indianapolis eventually occupied the complex of more than two dozen buildings covering a fifteen block area, as well as production plants along Kentucky Avenue.
Around 1890, Colonel Lilly handed the day-to-day business management to his son, J. K., who ran the company for thirty-four years. Although the 1890s was an economically volatile year, the company grew and came out stronger than ever. In 1894, Lilly bought a factory to use solely for making capsules. The company also made some technological advances in the manufacturing process, including automating its capsule production. Over the next few years the company annually creates tens of millions of capsules and pills.
Until the turn of the century Lilly operated in Indianapolis and surrounding areas like many other pharmaceutical businesses - producing and selling "sugar-coated pills, liquid extracts, herbs, and syrups". Companies use plants for their raw materials and produce their products by hand. One historian noted, "Although the Indianapolis company was more cautious in making and promoting drugs than patent medicines of the time, the company remained ambivalent about scientific research."
In addition to Colonel Lilly, his brother, James, and his son, Josiah (J. K.), the emerging company employed another Lilly family. Cousin Col. Lilly, Evan Lilly, was hired as a bookkeeper. As sons, Lilly's grandchildren, Eli and Josiah Jr. (Joe), performing tasks and doing other odd jobs. Eli and Joe joined the family business after college. Finally, every grandson serves as president of the company and chairman of the board.
Josiah (JK), son of Colonel Lilly and father of Eli and Joe, inherited the company after Colonel Lilly died and became president in 1898. At the time of the death of Colonel Lilly the company had a product line of 2,005 items and annual sales of over $ 300,000 ($ 8,547,600 in 2015 chained dollars). Colonel Lilly is a pioneer in the modern pharmaceutical industry, with many of his early innovations that later became standard practice. His ethical reforms in trade marked by the odd claims of miraculous drugs began a period of rapid advancement in the development of drugs. J. K. Lilly continues to advocate federal regulations on drugs. Under the leadership of J. K., the company introduced the scientific management concept, organized the company research department, increased its sales force, and started its international product distribution. In addition J. K. oversees a large expansion of the company. In 1905 the company achieved sales of $ 1 million ($ 26,381,481 in 2015 chained dollars).
Modernization: 1900-1940
Just before and after World War I, Lilly's company underwent a rapid change. The expansion of Lilly's production facilities at the McCarty Street plant increased production capacity with the new Science Building (Building 14), opened in 1911, and a new capsule factory (Building 15) in 1913. The company also began building Lilly Biology Laboratory, a research and manufacturing plant at 150 acres near Greenfield, Indiana, in 1913.
In addition to the development of new medicines, the company achieved several technological advances, including the automation of its production facilities. Lilly is also an innovator in capsule-making capsules. It was one of the first manufacturers to put the drug into an empty gelatin capsule, which provided a more precise dose. Lilly produces capsules for her own needs and sells her excess capacity to others. Article 1917 Scientific American claims Lilly's operation in Indianapolis is "the world's largest capsule factory" and "capable of producing 2.5 million capsules a day". One of Lilly's innovations is flavoring fruits for medicines and sugar-coated pills to make their drugs more easily swallowed. Over the next few years the company began to create tens of millions of capsules and pills annually.
Other advances improve plant efficiency and eliminate production errors. Eli Lilly, the company's founding grandson, introduced the method of making a blue print ticket in 1909. This process, which makes double copies of the drug formula, helps eliminate manufacture errors and transcription. In 1920 Eli introduced a new concept of straight line production, in which raw materials were put at one end of the facility and finished product out the other end, in the company's manufacturing process. Under Eli's supervision, the design for Building 22, a new 5-story factory opened in Indianapolis in 1926, applied the straight-line concept to improve production efficiency and lower production costs. A historian noted, "This may be the most sophisticated production system in the American pharmaceutical industry." This more efficient manufacturing process also allows companies to hire regular labor. Instead of remembering workers at peak times and letting them down as production demand drops, Lilly's regular labor produces cheaper medicines outside of peak hours using the same manufacturing facility.
During the 1920s the introduction of new products also brought the company financial success. In 1919, Josiah hired biochemist George Henry Alexander Clowes as director of biochemical research. In 1921 three University of Toronto scientists, J. J. R. Macleod, Frederick G. Banting, and Charles H. Best, were working on developing insulin for the treatment of diabetes. Clowes and Eli Lilly met with researchers in 1922 to negotiate an agreement with University of Toronto scientists to mass produce insulin. This collaboration produced the first successful large-scale insulin production. In 1923, Lilly began selling Iletin (Insulin, Lilly), their trade name for the first commercially available insulin product in the US for the treatment of diabetes. Banting and Macleod won the Nobel Prize in 1923 for their research. Insulin, the "most important drug" in the company's history, did "more than anything else" to make Lilly "one of the world's major pharmaceutical manufacturers."
The success of insulin allows companies to attract respected scientists and, with them, make more medical advances. On its fiftieth anniversary in 1926 the sale reached $ 9 million and the company produced over 2,800 different items. In 1928 Lilly introduced Liver Extract 343 for the treatment of pernicious anemia, a blood disorder, in a joint venture with two Harvard University scientists George R. Minot and William P. Murphy. In 1930, Lilly introduced Liver Extract No. 55 in collaboration with George Whipple, a University of Rochester scientist. Minot, Murphy, and Whipple won the 1934 Nobel Prize in medicine for their research.
Despite the economic challenges of the Great Depression, Lilly's sales rose to $ 13 million in 1932. That same year Eli Lilly, the oldest grandson of Colonel Lilly, was crowned president of the company to replace his father, who remains chairman until 1948. Eli joins the business family in 1909. In the early years in the company, Eli was primarily interested in improving production efficiency and introducing a number of labor-saving devices. He also introduced the principles of scientific management and implemented cost-saving measures that the company modernized. In addition Eli is involved in expanding the company's research and collaboration efforts with university researchers.
In 1934, the company opened two new facilities in the McCarty Street complex: a replica of Lilly's 1876 lab and the new Lilly Research Laboratories, "one of the most complete facilities in the world." In the 1930s the company also continued to expand overseas. In 1934, Eli Lilly and Company Limited, the company's first overseas subsidiaries were established in the United Kingdom, with headquarters in London and a manufacturing plant in Basingstoke.
Expansion: 1940-1970
World War II brought production in Lilly to new heights with the manufacture of Merthiolate and penicillin. During the war, Lilly also worked with the American Red Cross to process blood plasma and by the end of the war the company had dried more than two million pints of blood, "about 20 percent of the total United States". Merthiolate, first introduced in 1930, was the "anticeptic and germicide" that became the "standard problem" of US troops during World War II. In the early 1940s, Lilly became one of the largest penicillin-producing companies.
International operations expanded further during World War II. Eli Lilly International Corp. was formed in 1943 as a subsidiary to encourage business trade abroad. In 1948, Lilly employees worked in thirty-five countries, most of them as sales representatives in Latin America, Asia, and Africa.
At the end of World War II the company continued to grow. In 1945 Lilly embarked on a major expansion effort that would include two manufacturing operations in Indianapolis. The company purchased a large Curtiss-Wright propeller factory on South Kentucky Avenue, west of the company's McCarty Street operations. When the renovation was completed in mid-1947, the Kentucky Avenue location produced antibiotics and capsules and placed the company's shipping department. In 1948 Lilly employed nearly 7,000 people.
Eli Lilly, who has been president of the company since 1932, retired from active management of the company in 1948, became chairman of the board, and handed the presidency to his brother Josiah K. Lilly, Jr. (Joe). For sixteen years Eli's sales presidency rose from $ 13 million in 1932 to $ 117 million in 1948. Joe joined the company in 1914 and focused on company personnel and marketing efforts. He served as president of the company from 1948 to 1953, then became chairman of the board and remained in that capacity until his death in 1966. In 1952 the company offered its first public stock stake. In 1953 Eugene N. Beesley was named the new president of the company, the first non-family member to run the company.
Over the next few decades, Lilly continues to develop and introduce new drugs to the market. In the 1950s, Lilly introduced two new antibiotics: vancomycin and erythromycin. In addition, Lilly is heavily involved in the production and distribution of polio vaccine (polio) Jonas Salk. In 1954 the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis (NFIP) was contracted with five pharmaceutical companies to produce the Salk polio vaccine for clinical trials. These include Lilly as well as Parke, Davis and Company, Cutter Laboratories, Wyeth Laboratories, and Pitman-Moore Company. Selection of Lilly to produce the vaccine, in part, due to previous experience in collaboration with university researchers. Lilly produced 60 percent of the Salk vaccine in 1955.
During the middle of the twentieth century, Lilly continued to expand its production facilities outside of Indianapolis. In 1950, Lilly began Tippecanoe Laboratories in Lafayette, Indiana, and increased the production of antibiotics with his patent on erythromycin. In 1954, Lilly formed the Elanco Products Company to produce veterinary medicines. In 1969, the company opened a new factory in Clinton, Indiana.
After the reorganization of the company and the transition to non-family management in 1953, Lilly continued to expand its global presence. In the 1960s, Lilly operated thirteen affiliated companies outside the United States. In 1962, with the acquisition of Distillers Company, the company set up a large factory in Liverpool, England. In 1968, Lilly built her first research facility, Lilly Research Center Limited, outside the United States near London, England.
1970-present
During the 1970s and 1980s, Eli Lilly and Company saw the rush of drug production: antibiotics, Keflex, in 1971; heart medicine, Dobutrex, in 1977; Ceclor, who will become the world's best-selling oral antibiotic, in 1979; leukemia drug, Eldisine; an antiartritis, Oraflex; and analgesics, Darvon. When generic drugs flooded the market after the expiration of patents for drugs discovered in the 1950s and 1960s, Lilly diversified into other areas, particularly agricultural chemicals, veterinary products, cosmetics, and medical devices.
In 1971, the company became a component of the S & amp; P 500.
To further diversify its product line, Lilly made an unusual move, but ultimately benefited in 1971, when buying cosmetics manufacturer Elizabeth Arden, Inc. for $ 38 million. Although the subsidiary continued to lose money for five years after Lilly got it, the change in executive management at Arden helped turn it into financial success. In 1982, the sales subsidiary "rose 90 percent from 1978, with profits doubling to nearly $ 30 million." Sixteen years after the acquisition, Lilly sold Arden to Fabergà ©  © in 1987 for $ 657 million.
In 1977, Lilly ventured into medical instruments with the acquisition of IVAC Corporation, which produces vital signs and intravenous fluid intravenous monitoring systems. Lilly also bought Cardiac Pacemakers Incorporated, a pacemaker in 1977. In 1980, Lilly acquired Physio-Control Corporation. Other acquisitions included Advance Cardiovasular Systems Incorporated in 1984, Hybritech in 1986, and Devices for Vascular Intervention, Incorporated in 1989. Lilly acquired Pacific Biotech in 1990 and Origin Medsystems and Heart Rhythm Technologies, Incorporated in 1992. In the early 1990s, this. the medical equipment company became the Division of Medical Devices and Diagnostics that "accounts for about 20 percent" of Lilly's annual revenue.
In 1989, a joint agri-chemical business between Elanco Products Company and Dow Chemical created DowElanco. In 1997, Lilly sold his 40% stake in the company to Dow Chemical for $ 1.2 billion and renamed Dow AgroSciences.
In 1994, Lilly acquired PCS Systems, a drug delivery business for the Health Maintenance Organization, and then added two similar organizations into ownership. Lilly bought PCS, which was the biggest US prescription drug beneficiary at the time, for $ 4 billion.
In 1991, Vaughn Bryson was appointed CEO of Eli Lilly. During his 20-month tenure, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a public company. In 1993 Randall L. Tobias, vice chairman of AT & amp; T Corporation and Lilly's board members, named Lilly's chairman, president and CEO after "competitive products and pressures" have "continued to erode Lilly's share price since early 1992." Tobias was the first president and CEO to be recruited from outside the company. Under Tobias's leadership, the company "cut costs and narrowed its mission". Lilly sold the company in the Medical Equipment and Diagnostic Division, expanded international sales, made new acquisitions, and funded additional research and product development. Sidney Taurel, former chief operating officer Lilly, was appointed CEO in 1998, replacing Tobias. Taurel was appointed chairman in January 1999. In 2000, Lilly reported net sales of $ 10.86 billion.
In 1998, Eli Lilly formed a joint venture with Icos Corporation (ICOS), a biotech company of Bothell, based in Washington, to develop and commercialize Cialis, a product for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. In October 2006, Lilly announced his intention to buy Icos for $ 2.1 billion, or $ 32 per share. After initial efforts to obtain Icos failed under pressure from large institutional shareholders, Lilly revised its offer to $ 34 per share. Institutional Shareholder Services (ISS), a proxy advisory firm, advised ICOS shareholders to reject the proposal as undervalued, but the purchase was approved by shareholders Icos and Lilly completed the acquisition of the company on January 29, 2007. Lilly closed out Icos production operations, ending nearly 500 Icos employees, and leaving 127 employees working in biological facilities. In December 2007, CMC Biopharmaceuticals A/S (CMC), a Copenhagen based biomechanics service provider, purchased a second-based biology facility from Lilly and retained 127 existing employees.
In January 2009, the largest criminal fines in US history, totaling $ 1.415 billion were levied on Lilly for the illegal marketing of his best-selling product, the atypical antipsychotic drug, Zyprexa.
In January 2011, Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly and Company announced their global agreement for the joint development and marketing of a new API for diabetes therapy. Lilly can receive more than a billion dollars for their work on the project, while Boehringer Ingelheim can receive over $ 800 million from the development of new drugs. Oral anti-diabetic Boehringer Ingelheim-Linagliptin and BI 10773-and two insulin analogues Lilly-LY2605541 and LY2963016-were in phase II and III of clinical development at the time.
In April 2014, Lilly announced plans to buy Swiss veterinary drug business Novartis AG worth $ 5.4 billion to strengthen and diversify the Elanco unit. Lilly said it plans to fund the deal with about $ 3.4 billion in cash and $ 2 billion in loans. As a condition of acquisition, sentinel heartworm treatment will be divested into Virbac to avoid monopoly in the subsector of the heartworm treatment market (Dirofilaria immitis).
In March 2015, the company announced it would merge with Hanmi Pharmaceutical in developing and commercializing the Ijen HM71224 Ijen phase I tyrosine kinase inhibitor in a deal that could generate $ 690 million. A day later the company announced another deal with Innovent Biologics to jointly develop and commercialize at least three Innovents innovations over the next decade, in an agreement that could generate up to $ 456 million. As part of the deal, the company will donate c-Met monoclonal antibodies while Innovent will donate monoclonal antibodies targeting CD-20. The second compound of Innovent is a preclinical immuno-oncology molecule. The following week the company announced it would restart its collaboration with Pfizer around the Tanezumab Phase III trials. Pfizer is expected to receive an advance amount of $ 200 million from the company. In April 2015, the company involves CBRE Group to sell biomaterial facilities in Vacaville, California. The facility is located on the 52 acre campus (0.21Ã, km 2 ) and is one of the largest biopharmaceutical manufacturing centers in the United States.
In January 2017, Elanco Animal Health, a subsidiary of the company completed the acquisition of Boehringer Ingelheim Vetmedica, Inc. (a subsidiary of Boehringer Ingelheim) a portfolio of cats, dogs and US rabies vaccines.
In March 2017, the company acquired CoLucid Pharmaceuticals for $ 960 million, in particular obtaining a clinical, wastewater clinical migraine therapy candidate.
In May 2018, the company acquired Armo Biosciences for $ 1.6 billion. A few days later the company announced it would acquire Aurora kinase A - AurKa Pharma inhibitor developers and control the main compound, AK-01, to $ 575 million.
Acquisition history
The following is a major merger illustration of the company, the acquisition and historical predecessor:
Maps Eli Lilly and Company
Collaborative research
Eli Lilly and Company has a long history of collaborating with research scientists. In 1886 Ernest G. Eberhardt, a chemist, joined the firm as the first full-time research scientist. Lilly also hired two botanists, Walter H. Evans and John S. Wright, to join the initial research effort. After World War I, the company expanded its production facilities and introduced a new management method that set the stage for Lilly's next important phase - "entering aggressively into scientific research and development." The first major step came in 1919 when Josiah Lilly hired biochemist George Henry Alexander Clowes as director of biochemical research. Clowes has extensive medical research expertise and links with the scientific research community, resulting in corporate collaboration with researchers in the US and elsewhere. Clowes' first major collaboration with researchers who developed insulin at the University of Toronto had a significant impact on the company's future. Lilly's success with insulin production ensures the company's position as a leading research-based pharmaceutical manufacturer, enabling it to attract and employ more research scientists and collaborate with other universities in additional medical research. In 1934, the company built a new research lab in Indianapolis. As part of the research and product development process, Lilly also conducted a clinical study at Indianapolis City Hospital (Wishard Memorial Hospital). Lilly continued to do clinical research to test the drug before it was introduced to the market. In 1949 Eli Lilly actually partnered with a United States Army Reserve that established a local Strategic Intelligence Research and Analysis Unit (SIRA) to enable employees to examine company data for Scientific and Eurasian Logistics fields (source: Unclassified Defense Intelligence Agency ) document MDR-0191-2008 dated 17 Sep 2012). In 1998 the company dedicated a new laboratory for clinical research at Indiana University Medical Center in Indianapolis.
Publicly funded research
In addition to internal research and development activities, Lilly is also involved in publicly funded research projects with other industry and academic partners. One example in the field of non-clinical safety assessment is InnoMed PredTox, a collaboration with pharmaceutical companies, research organizations, and the European Commission to improve drug safety. In 2008, this consortium, including Lilly SA (Switzerland), earned a EUR8 million budget for a 40-month project coordinated by the European Federation of Industrial and Pharmaceutical Associations (EFPIA), an organization representing the research-based pharmaceutical industry. and biotech companies operating in Europe. In 2008, Lilly's activities included a research project within the framework of the Innovative Drugs Initiative, a European public-private research initiative that is a joint effort of EFPIA and the European Commission.
Pharmaceutical brands
The company's most important products introduced before World War II included insulin, which Lilly marketed as Iletin (Insulin, Lilly), Amytal, Merthiolate, ephedrine, and liver extracts. Introduced in 1923, Iletin (Insulin, Lilly) is Lilly's first commercial insulin product. In 2002 the company was the main product manufacturer for diabetics.
During World War II Lilly produced penicillin and other antibiotics. In addition to penicillin, other wartime productions include "antimalarial," blood plasma, vaccine encephalitis, typhoid and influenza vaccine, antitoxin gangrene gas, Merthiolate, and Iletin (Insulin, Lilly).
Among the company's latest pharmaceutical developments are cephalosporin, erythromycin, and Prozac (fluoxetine), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for the treatment of clinical depression. Ceclor, introduced in 1970, is an oral cephalosporin antibiotic. Prozac, introduced in 1980, quickly became the company's best-selling product for the treatment of depression, but Lilly lost US patent protection for this product in 2001. Among other differences, Lilly is the world's largest drug manufacturer and distributor used in a variety of psychiatric conditions and mental health-related, including clinical depression, generalized anxiety disorder, narcotic addiction, insomnia, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and others.
Cialis
In 2003, Eli Lilly introduced Cialis (tadalafil), a competitor to Pfizer's Viagra blockbuster for erectile dysfunction. Cialis maintains an active period of 36 hours, causing it sometimes dubbed "weekend pills". Cialis is developed in partnership with the Icos Corporation biotech company. On December 18, 2006, Lilly bought Icos to gain complete control over the product.
Cymbalta
Another Lilly produces anti-depressants, Cymbalta, serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors used primarily in the treatment of major depressive disorders and generalized anxiety disorders, ranking with Prozac as one of the most financially successful drugs in industrial history. It is also used in the treatment of fibromyalgia, neuropathy, chronic pain and osteoarthritis.
Gemzar
In 1996, the US Food and Drug Administration approved Gemzar for the treatment of pancreatic cancer. Gemzar is usually used in the treatment of pancreatic cancer, usually in coordination with 5-FU chemotherapy and radiology. Gemzar is also routinely used in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer.
Methadone
Eli Lilly is the first distributor of methadone, an analgesic often used in the treatment of heroin, opium and other opioids and drug addiction.
Prozac
Prozac is one of the first therapies in its class to treat clinical depression by blocking the absorption of serotonin in the human brain. It is prescribed for over fifty four million people worldwide. Prozac was approved by the US FDA in 1987 for use in treating depression. In 2001, Lilly lost US patent protection to Prozac and in January 2002, the US Supreme Court rejected Lilly's final request, a decision that allowed other companies to create a generic version of the drug. Prozac has given rise to a number of therapies that function comparatively for the treatment of clinical depression and other central nervous system disorders such as obsessive compulsive disorder, bulimia nervosa, and panic disorder.
Prozac in popular culture
Due to its wide appeal as a popular anti-depressant, references to Prozac have appeared in books, movies, and music. Prozac Nation (1994), an autobiographical book by Elizabeth Wurtzel, was transformed into a film of the same name in 2001 and starring Christina Ricci. Listening to Prozac (1993), by Peter Kramer, is an analytical view on Prozac and its use, not only to treat disorders but to diagnose them as well. Talking Back to Prozac (1994), by psychiatrist Peter Breggin, focuses on the side effects of Prozac. Rapper Jay-Z refers to Prozac in the song, "Nigga What, Nigga Who" (1998). In the fictional HBO series, The Sopranos , the use of Prozac by Tony Soprano is periodically referenced.
Secobarbital
Eli Lilly has been producing Secobarbital, a barbiturate derivative with drugs, anticonvulsions, sedatives and hypnosis. Lilly markets Secobarbital under the brand name Seconal. Secobarbital is indicated for the treatment of epilepsy, temporary insomnia and as a preoperative drug to produce anesthesia and anxiolysis in a minimally painful short, therapeutic, diagnostic or therapeutic procedure. With the onset of new therapies for the treatment of this condition, Secobarbital has been underutilized, and Lilly stopped producing it in 2001.
Secobarbital overdose
Secobarbital received considerable attention during the 1970s, when it gained wide popularity as a recreational drug. On September 18, 1970, rock guitar legend Jimi Hendrix died of a secobarbital overdose. On June 22, 1969, a secobarbital overdose was the cause of the death of actress Judy Garland. The drug is a major part of the very popular novel plot of Valley of the Dolls (1966) by Jacqueline Susann in which three highly successful Hollywood women each fall victim, in various ways, with drugs. The novel was later released as a movie of the same name.
Thimerosal
Eli Lilly has developed a thiomersal preservative vaccine (also called merthiolate and thimerosal). Thiomersal is effective by causing susceptible bacteria to autolyze. Launched in 1930, merthiolate is a mercury-based antiseptic and germicide that "has been formulated at the University of Maryland with the support of Lilly's research fellowship."
Zyprexa
Zyprexa (Olanzapine) (for schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, as well as off-label use) Released in 1996, (see criminal prosecution section) it was the company's bestselling drug through 2010, when the patent expired.
Leadership
After three generations of Lilly family leadership under the company founder, Colonel Eli Lilly, his son, Josiah K. Lilly Sr., and two grandchildren, Eli Lilly Jr. and Josiah K. Lilly Jr., the company announced a reorganization in 1944 that prepared the way for future expansion and ultimately the separation of the company's management from its ownership. Large and complex companies were divided into small groups headed by vice presidents and in 1953 Eugene N. Beesley was named the first non-family member to become president of the company.
Although Lilly's family members continued to serve as chairman of the board until 1969, the appointment of Beesley initiated the transition to non-family management. In 1972 Richard D. Wood became president and CEO of Lilly after retiring from Burton E. Beck. In 1991 Vaughn Bryson became president and Wood became chairman of the board. During his 20 months as president and CEO of Lilly, the company reported its first quarterly loss as a public company.
Randall L. Tobias, vice chairman of AT & T Corporation, was named chairman, president and CEO in June 1993. Tobias, Lilly's board member since 1986, was recruited from outside the company's executives to replace Lilly's president Vaughn Bryson and chairman Richard Wood. Tobias later became director of the US Foreign Assistant and administrator of the US Agency for International Development (USAID), with the rank of ambassador.
Sidney Taurel, former chief operating officer Lilly, was appointed CEO in July 1998 to replace Tobias, who retired. Taurel became chairman of the board in January 1999. Taurel retired as CEO on 31 March 2008, but remains chairman until 31 December 2008. John C. Lechleiter was elected CEO and president of Lilly effective 1 April 2008 Lechleiter has served as president and chief operating officer officer Lilly since October 2005. In July 2016 Dave Ricks, who also has a long career at Lily, was appointed CEO.
Accolades
In 2006, Fortune magazine named Eli Lilly and Company was one of the top 100 companies in the United States working. Also in 2006, Barron's Magazine named the company among the top 500 best-managed companies in the US.
In 2012, the Working Mother magazine called Lilly one of the "100 Best Moms-for-Work Companies" for the eighteenth consecutive year. Working Mother reports that in 2012, forty-eight percent of Lilly's US employees and thirty-four percent of US managers and executives are women.
By 2018, Eli Lilly and Company is recognized as one of the Ethical Ethical Companies in the World, the second year in a row.
Community services
The Lilly family and Eli Lilly and Company have a long history of community service. Around 1890, Colonel Lilly handed over a family business operation to his son, Josiah, who ran the company for the next few decades. Colonel Lilly remained active in civil affairs and assisted a number of local organizations, including the Indianapolis Commercial Club, which later became the Indianapolis Chamber of Commerce, and the Institute of Charity Organizations, the pioneer of the Central Indiana Family Service Association, a United Way supported organization. The children of Josiah, Eli and Joe, are also philanthropists who support many cultural and educational organizations.
Is Josiah Sr. who passed on his father's civilian mind and started the company's tradition of sending aid to the disaster victims. After the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the company sent a much-needed remedy to support the relief effort and provide assistance after Johnashtra Flood 1936.
In 1917, Lilly Field Hospital 32, named Josiah honor, was equipped in Indianapolis and moved abroad to Contrexville, France, during World War I, where he remained in service until 1919. During World War II, Lilly produced more than two hundred products. for military use, including aviator living tools and seasick medicines for D-Day invasion. In addition, Lilly drained more than two million glasses of blood plasma at the end of the war.
Lilly Endowment
In 1937, Josiah K. Lilly Sr. and his two sons, Eli and Joe, founded Lilly Endowment, a private charitable foundation, with a gift of Lilly stock.
Eli Lilly and Company Foundation
The Eli Lilly and Company Foundation, separate from Lilly Endowment, operates as a tax-exempt private charity founding company in 1968. The foundation is funded through Lilly's corporate profits.
Controversy
Eli Lilly has been involved in several controversies, including political and medical ethical controversies. Eli Lilly is now the only BGH producer who has purchased the right to produce drugs from Monsanto.
Prozac
An important study found that fluoxetine (Prozac) is more likely to increase overall suicidal behavior. 14.7% of patients (n = 44) in fluoxetine had a suicide event, compared with 6.3% in the psychotherapy group and 8.4% of the combined treatment group. Eli Lilly, the manufacturer, and the lead researcher did not make this finding clear. Several internal documents, released by the British Medical Journal, show the connection between the use of Prozac and suicidal or violent behavior. The FDA has warned that Prozac and similar antidepressants can cause agitation, panic attacks, and aggression. These documents reveal that Eli Lilly knew about this as early as 1984, the year before the drug was FDA approved.
NAFTA Settings
In September 2013, Eli Lilly sued Canada for violating its obligations to foreign investors under the North American Free Trade Agreement by allowing its court to annul patents for two remedies. The company is seeking damages in the amount of $ 500 million due to potential loss of profits.
Criminal prosecution
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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