Emergency Alert System

src: i.ytimg.com

The Emergency Alert System ( EAS ) is a national warning system in the United States enacted on 1 January 1997 (approved by Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in November 1994) when replacing Emergency Broadcasting System (EBS), which in turn replaces the CONELRAD System. The EAS was officially designed to allow the President of the United States to speak to the United States within 10 minutes. In addition to these requirements, EAS is also designed to alert the public about local weather conditions such as tornadoes and flash floods (and in some cases severe storms depending on the severity of the storm). The latest National EAS test was conducted on September 27, 2017 at 2:20 pm EDT (11:20 am PDT).

EAS is jointly coordinated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). EAS rules and standards are governed by the FCC Public Safety and Public Security Bureau. EAS has become part of the Integrated Public Alert Warning and Warning System (IPAWS), a FEMA program.

EAS messages are delivered via AM, FM, broadcast television, cable television and Land Mobile Radio Service, as well as VHF, UHF, and FiOS (video wireline providers). Digital television, satellite television and digital cable providers, along with Sirius XM satellite radio, IBOC, DAB, smart phones and digital radio broadcasters, have been asked to participate in EAS since December 31, 2006. DirecTV, Dish Network and all other DBS providers has been asked to participate since May 31, 2007.

In 2008, the FCC began working on other systems to alert publicly designed and targeted smartphones, which are intended to support EAS. Commercial Mobile Standby Systems (now Wireless Emergency Alerts) debuted around early 2013 in selected countries for certain events. Although this system functions independently of the Emergency Alert System, the system can broadcast the same information.

Video Emergency Alert System

Technical concepts

Messages in the EAS consist of four parts: the SAME header that is digitally encoded, the attention signal, the audio announcement, and the digitally encoded message end marker.

The SAMA header is the most important part of the EAS design. It contains information about who comes alert (President, state or local authority, National Weather Service (NOAA/NWS), or broadcaster), general brief description of events (tornadoes, floods, severe lightning storms), affected areas up to 32 regencies or states), expected duration of events (in minutes), date and time issued (in UTC), and identification of origin stations (see SAME for full details of the header).

77 radio stations are designated as National Main Stations within the Main Entry Point System (PEP) to distribute presidential messages to broadcast stations and other cable systems. Emergency Action Notice is a notice to the announcer that the President of the United States or its designee will deliver the message via EAS through the PEP system.

Primary_Entry_Point_ (PEP) _stations "> Main Entry Point (PEP)

PEP stations are private or commercial radio broadcasting stations that cooperatively participate with FEMA to provide emergency warning and alert information to the public before, during, and after incidents and disasters. The FEMA PEP Station also serves as the primary source of the initial broadcast for Presidential Emergency Action Notice (EAN). PEP stations are equipped with additional communications equipment and backup and power generators designed to enable them to continue to broadcast information to the public during and after the event. The Public Integrated Warning and Warning Management (IPAWS) Office The Integrated Program (PMO) extends the number of participating broadcast stations nationwide to directly cover more than 90 percent of the US population. The expansion of PEP stations will help ensure that in all conditions the President of the United States can alert and warn the public.

In September 2009, FEMA contracted with the US Army Engineer Corps (USACE) to equip selected radio stations to become FEMA Primary Entry Point (PEP) stations. Projects with USACE are actively bringing new stations into the FEMA PEP program. High-level tasks to enable new PEP stations include: initial site assessment, environmental assessment, design specifications, construction of special facilities, and coordination of a memorandum of understanding with stations and coordination of activities with local States, territories, tribes and jurisdictions and FEMA regional offices.

PEP stations provide resilience to warnings and warnings to the public. The IPAWS Program Management Office (PMO) is modernizing existing PEP stations with the next generation warning and warning equipment to include Common Alert Protocol (CAP) compliance equipment, and devices that support Internet Protocol.

Satellite communications infrastructure can be fully integrated with the legacy Emergency Alert System (EAS) and provide reliable and redundant commercial systems by utilizing multiple uplinks and satellites for nationwide EAS distribution. IPAWS PMO continues to complement the integration of satellite data transmission lines as a diverse path for EAS message delivery from FEMA to PEP stations. The XM Radio transmission line was completed in the first quarter of 2010, and direct satellite connectivity became available to national PEP stations in the third quarter of 2010.

The IPACS Expansion Modernization and PEP Project includes and maintains 77 pEP operational stations across the United States and its territory. The direct coverage of the country's population will grow from about 67 percent in 2009 to more than 90 percent when all 77 PEP stations operate by 2015.

Communication links

FEMA National Radio System (FNARS) "Provides Main Entry Service to Emergency Standby System", and acts as an emergency presidential link to the EAS. The FNARS clean control station is located in the Mountain Weather Emergency Operation Center.

After EAN is received by EAS participants from PEP stations (or other participants) the message is then "daisy chain" "through the participant network. "Daisy Chain" is formed when one station receives a message from several other stations and the station then passes the message to several other stations. This process creates many redundant paths through which messages can flow increase the likelihood that messages will be received by all participants and add to the system's survival.

Each EAS participant is required to monitor at least two other participants.

EAS header

Because the header does not have a detection error code, it is repeated three times for redundancy. However, the repetition of the data itself can be considered as error detection and correction code - such as error detection or correction code, it adds redundant information to the signal to make an identifiable error. The EAS decoder compares the received headers to each other, finding the exact match between the two, eliminating most of the errors that may cause the activation to fail. The decoder then decides whether to ignore the message or deliver it in the air if the message applies to the local area served by the station (following the parameters set by the broadcaster).

The SAME header burst is followed by a attentive signal that lasts between eight and 25 seconds, depending on the original station. The tone is <1030 Hz Ã, on the NOAA Weather Radio (NOAA/NWS) station, while on a commercial broadcast station, it consists of " Two tone "combination of 853 Hz and 960 Hz sine waves, the same as those used by the old Emergency Broadcasting System. These tones have become famous, because they are thought to be frightening and disturbing to many audiences; indeed, two tones were chosen because they formed a suitable interval to gain the attention of the audience due to the discomfort in the human ear. The SAME header is equally known for its shrill, which many find surprising. The "two tone" system was no longer needed in 1998, and was used only for audio warnings before EAS messages. Like EBS, the attention signal is followed by a voicemail explaining the details of the warning.

The message ends with three bursts of AFSK "EOM", or End Message, which is the text NNNN , preceded each time by binary 10101011 calibration.

The White House supports the integration of the Common Alerting Protocol (CAP) in the presidential initiative, and FEMA is in the process of implementing testing.

Maps Emergency Alert System

Station requirements

The FCC requires all broadcasting stations and multi-channel video programming distributors (MVPD) to install and maintain FCC certified EAS decoders and encoders at their control or headend points. This decoder continues to monitor signals from other nearby broadcast stations for EAS messages. For reliability, at least two source stations must be monitored, one of which must be a designated local primary . The stations are retaining the latest version of the EAS handbook.

Stations are required by federal law to keep a log of all messages received. Logs can be stored by hand but are usually saved automatically by the small receipt printer in the encoder/decoder unit. Logs can also be stored electronically inside the unit as long as there is access to a printer or an external method to transfer them to a personal computer.

In addition to audio messages sent by radio stations, "the broadcast station will send a visual message containing the Originator, Event, Location, and valid time period of the EAS message". This may be a "crawl" text or a static visual message. The text "crawl" is displayed at the top of the screen containing all the information encoded in the initial SAME header. The "crawling" system with the color code is often used if the color signifies the priority of the message. Some television stations simply send static slides containing the required information. A television station can be used for monitoring by other stations and thus audio is required.

Stations are required by federal law to deliver an immediate Quick Action Notice (EAN) message (47 CFR Section 11.54). Stations have traditionally been allowed not to broadcast other warnings such as bad weather, and childhood kidnappings (AMBER Alerts) if they so choose.

src: www.pittwire.pitt.edu

System test

All EAS equipment must be tested every week. The required weekly test (RWT) consists, at a minimum, of the header and the message's final note. Although RWT does not require an audio or graphic message announcing the test, many stations provide it with respect to the public. In addition, television stations are not required to deliver video messages for weekly tests. RWT is scheduled by the station on random days and times, (though quite often at late-night hours or early afternoons), and generally not broadcast.

Monthly tests required (RMT) generally come from a local or state primary station, emergency management agency, or by the National Weather Service (NWS) and then forwarded by broadcast stations and cable channels. RMT must be done between 8:30 am and the local sunset during the odd numbered month, and between the local sunset and 8:30 am on even moon. Receiving monthly tests should be retransmitted within 60 minutes of receipt. In addition, RMT should not be scheduled or performed during critical events such as previously announced Presidential speeches, national/local coverage coverage, major local or national news coverage outside regularly scheduled news hours or major national sporting events. such as the Super Bowl or World Series, with other events such as the Indianapolis 500 and Olympics mentioned in individual EAS country plans.

RWT is not required during the calendar week in which RMT is scheduled. There is no testing to be done during a calendar week where all parts of the EAS (burst headers, attention signals, audio messages, and end of exploding messages) have been activated legally.

National test

The first test of EAS at national level occurred on November 9, 2011. This test is the culmination of planning, regulation and public service announcement. Started in a report by the FCC in 2009 on the FCC's readiness for major public emergency concerns raised about "the frequency and scope of EAS testing". This led to two preliminary tests in the state of Alaska; one occurred during January 2010.

The second national EAS test took place on September 28, 2016 at 2:20 pm EDT (11:20 am PDT) as part of the National Readiness Month. Prior to the test, FEMA tested the regional EAS system from November 17, 2014, to the latest on March 24, 2016. The purpose of this test is to ensure 2011 test results (see below) will not happen again.

The third national EAS test took place on 27 September 2017 at 2:20 pm EDT (11:20 am PDT) to 14:50 EDT (11:50 am PDT) with the National Periodic Testing Code (NPT) code.

National test results

Test results November 9, 2011

On November 9, 2011, after a national test was attempted, stations began to call by saying that some of their recipients were unable to perform the tests or simply did not get the tests at all; DirecTV users even reported hearing Lady Gaga's "Paparazzi" during the test. This is because DirecTV uses off-air channels to send the SAME headers to messages, which also play "Paparazzi" when the header is broadcast.

On April 12, 2013, the FCC released the 9 November 2011 test results.

According to the FCC, 18% of stations fail to receive or resend warnings. The message, according to some, also does not have a warning code that allows the President to speak. Due to the feedback loop in the PEP system, the test can be heard several times in the background, and the EOM code (end of message) is sent twice, violating EAS rules. The test was reduced to 30 seconds rather than the proposed three minutes.

Although there are several frequently reported issues, the FCC states that the tests show that the national EAS architecture is fundamentally healthy. Some of these issues include:

• Poor audio quality
  • Damage at the National Primary level inserts a second level of header tones to the audio portion of the message, creating a large delay reverb effect and noisy background noise, which increases in intensity every times EAN messages are forwarded. Since then, FEMA has been reconfiguring their equipment correctly.
• Lack of Main Entry Point in some areas, leaving the area without a direct connection to FEMA
  • At the time of the test, there is no Primary Entry Point set in Portland, Oregon. Oregon State EAS Plan instructs all stations to the west of Cascades (including Portland) to monitor KOPB-FM public radio stations, which will receive warnings from NPR Squawk Channel. The audio quality of warnings received by KOPB-FM via NPR Squawk Channel is very bad, and most monitoring station equipment does not recognize warnings at all or only broadcast the first few seconds of warning. The FCC has extended PEP coverage to the West from Cascades (including Portland).
• Alternative uses for the PEP-based EAN distribution
  • The FCC found that some stations chose to use alternatives for the PEP-based daisy-chain propagation mode, and that some of these alternatives may not be able to receive EANs effectively at emergency. The FCC has advised these stations to seek approval from the FCC for alternative ways of receiving EAN.
• The inability of some participants to receive/send EAN
  • Some EAS Participants stated that, even though they heard EAN from their monitoring station, they were unable to relay to their audience. The FCC found that the cause was operator error, or that the Participant's equipment was not programmed correctly.
• FCC's short test length
  • found that some EAS equipment manufacturers designed their equipment to not re-broadcast EAN shorter than 75 seconds due to misinterpretation of FCC regulations. Other EAS participants suggested that the 30-second duration of the test was insufficient to allow the engineers to manually replace the equipment when the automatic equipment function failed.
• The use of the Emergency Action Notification process (which has never been used before) and the location code of Washington, DC are also believed to have caused viewers confusion, due to a lack of public awareness of how the national exam will be sent.

The first national EAS Test was successful, showing that the national EAS will generally function as designed, if enabled. At the same time, the tests show some areas that need to be upgraded.

Results 28 September 2016 test

The results of this test were released by the FCC on April 21, 2017, stating that "shows that the distribution of Internet-based warnings via IPAWS has modernized EAS and greatly improved the quality, effectiveness, and accessibility of EAS warnings". However, half of the participants did not use IPAWS to receive messages, some "failed to receive or resubmit warnings due to incorrect device configuration, equipment readiness and maintenance issues, and confusion over EAS rules and technical requirements", and participation among the low. - low power transmission. Instead of sending it as an EAN, the 2016 test is delivered with a new title, "National Periodic Test" (NPT), and an explicit location code that points across the country, to reduce viewer confusion and technical issues (thus making test messages close to other mandatory tests).

src: i.ytimg.com

Additions and proposals

The number of event types in the national system has increased to eighty. Initially, all but three events (civil emergency messages, immediate evacuations, and emergency action notices [national emergency]) were linked to the weather (such as tornado warnings). Since then, several classes of non-weather emergencies have been added, including, in most states, the AMBER Warning System for childhood abductions. By 2016, three additional weather warning codes are allowed to be used in connection with hurricanes, including Extreme Wind Warning (EWW), Hurricane Storm Warning (SSW) and Hurricane Surge Watch (SSA).

In 2004, the FCC issued a Proposed Rulemaking Notice (NPR) seeking comment whether the EAS in its current form is the most effective mechanism for alerting the American public about emergencies and, if not, to how EAS can be improved, such as mandatory text messaging to mobile , regardless of subscription. As noted above, the rules adopted by the FCC on July 12, 2007 temporarily support the use of CAPs with the SAMA protocol.

On February 3, 2011, the FCC announced plans and procedures for a national EAS test, which will involve all television and radio stations connected to the EAS, as well as all cable and satellite services in the United States. It will not be forwarded to the NOAA Weather Radio (NOAA/NWS) network because it is a network-specific initiation and does not receive messages from the PEP network. The national test will send and deliver EAS test messages from the White House. This protocol was first used in the first national test of EAS, conducted on November 9, 2011 at 2:00 pm. EST.

src: c1.staticflickr.com

EAS for consumers

EAS is designed to be useful for the whole community, not just those with the SAME-enabled equipment. However, some consumer-level radios do exist, especially weather radio receivers, which are available to the public both via mail-order and retailers. Other special receivers for AM/FM/ACSSB (LM) are only available via mail-order, or in some places from federal, state, or local government, especially where there are potential dangers nearby such as chemical plants. These radios have been tuned to stations in each region that have agreed to provide these services to local emergency management officials and agencies, often by direct link back to the installation security system or control room for instant activation in case of evacuation or other emergency. arise.

The ability to narrow down the message so that only the actual area in danger of being warned is helpful in preventing false warnings, which was previously a major constraint factor. Instead of being heard for all warnings in the station area, the SAME radio decoder is now only audible for the programmed state. When the alarm sounds, anyone with the radio knows that the danger is nearby and protective measures should be taken. For this reason, the purpose of the National Weather Service (NOAA/NWS) is that every home should have the SAME smoke and radio weather detectors.

src: i.ytimg.com

Limitations

EAS can only be used to deliver audio messages that precede all programs; because the intent of the Emergency Action Notice is to serve as a "last resort to deliver a message if the President can not reach the media", it can easily be made redundant by the almost immediate media coverage that major weather events and terrorist attacks - such as, most strikingly, attacks September 11, 2001 - received from television networks and news channels. After the attack, the FCC chairman, Michael K. Powell, called the "ubiquitous media environment" a justification for not using EAS soon after. Glenn Collins of The New York Times acknowledged this limitation, noting that "no president has ever used the current [EAS] system or its technical predecessors in the last 50 years, despite the Soviet missile crisis, the assassination of the president, Oklahoma City bombings, major earthquakes and three recent high warning terrorist warnings ", and that its use would actually hamper the availability of live coverage from the media.

src: cdn.abclocal.go.com

Incident

In October 2004, the FCC fined Capital Media Corporation of Glens Falls, NY $ 4,000 for failing to deliver test messages and maintain EAS records. The penalties came after the FCC examination found that the CMC failed to keep adequate records on four stations owned by the company (WHAZ, WBAR-FM, WMYY, and WMNV). The inspection found that the station did not submit a single monthly or weekly test between December 2002 and April 2003, in addition to failing to keep an EAS log for stations. Media Capital claims that the tests were not delivered due to "power outages and bad weather conditions".

In October 2011, the FCC fined WHPR-FM in Highland Park, Michigan $ 22,000 for violations, one of which lacked EAS equipment used; an employee of the station indicated that the station's EAS decoder was stored in the closet.

Use of out-of-alert tones

During September 2010, KCST-FM staff in Florence, Oregon noticed that the station's EAS equipment would repeatedly sound as if it had received incoming EAS messages several times a week. During each event, delivered from KKNU in Springfield, the same commercial advertisement for ARCO/BP gasoline can be heard, along with the words "This test has been presented by ARCO". Further investigation by major commercial transmission stations reveals that the premises have been produced using audio clips from the actual EAS headers that have been modified to lower the header volume and presumably prevent it from triggering a false-positive-warning reaction in EAS equipment. The place was nationally distributed, and after it had been identified as a source of fake EAS equipment travel, stations across the country reported having had similar experiences. After a widespread notice by the Society of Broadcast Engineers was issued, ARCO advertising agency withdrew the ad from playing. McKenzie River Broadcasting, the parent company of KKNU, is then served with a Notice of Exemption Obligation with a foreclosure amount of $ 10,000 for having played commercial advertisements containing canopy tones. This problem, once deemed completed without any penalty, reappears in 2013, withholds the request for KKNU license renewal. Ultimately, no action by the FCC is taken and license renewal is given.

On June 15, 2012, WNKY, an NBC/CBS affiliate in Bowling Green, Kentucky aired an advertisement for a locally-licensed sports clothing store that was produced, featuring EAS tones in non-emergency non-emergency advertising and outgoing via major NBC signal stations and digital sub-channels CBS. On 5 November 2013, the owner of the station, Max Media, via license, the MMK License, was judged a $ 39,000 fine (stated in the FCC statement as a "voluntary contribution to US Treasury") by the FCC due to advertising. The WNKY digital channel, in addition to the FCC, will also launch local campaigns on EAS through their station programs and websites, broadcast emergency emergency service announcements, and lease space in their towers to Warren County Emergency Management and Bowling Green State for modern warning equipment. In the same way, the FCC proposed a $ 25,000 fine against TBS cable network and its Time Warner parent company for inappropriate use of EAS tones in the 2012 promotional venue for their talk show Conan that has not exceeded the standard and practice; the use of the tone is part of a promotion involving Jack Black guests.

The tone of the EAS is used in the trailer for the 2013 movie Olympus Has Fallen ; cable provider was fined $ 1.9 million by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on March 3, 2014 for abuse of EAS tones. A similar incident occurred earlier in November 2013 when TBS was fined $ 25,000 for a tone simulation from EAS in the Conan ad.

On October 24, 2014, television viewers from certain stations in Atlanta, Detroit, and Austin reported seeing EAS messages and notices. The emergency alert comes from the Nashville, Tennessee WSIX-FM radio station, where morning host Bobby Bones replayed the 2011 EAS test as part of a rant about the original EAS test from a Fox affiliate in Nashville, WZTV, Game 2 that is locally disturbing in the 2014 Serial World on October 22nd. The wrong test was submitted to several radio and television stations and national cable systems, as the Bobby Bones program was also broadcast on other State format stations, especially those owned by the WSIX-FM parent company, iHeartMedia (formerly Clear Communications Channel). On May 19, 2015, iHeartMedia was fined $ 1 million for the incident, and ordered to implement a three-year compliance plan and remove all EAS tones or sounds that sound similar from the audio production library to avoid further incidents.

From August 4 to August 6, 2016, Tegna, Inc., affiliated with NBC WTLV in Jacksonville, Florida aired ads several times during NBC's primetime coverage of the 2016 Summer Olympics produced by the National Football League marketing department, Jacksonville Jaguars, featuring two EAS tone on the recording of Jaguars training camp and voice record notes 'this is not a test, this is an emergency broadcast transmission... looking for immediate protection', along with the text on the screen 'storm is coming'. The advertisement aired four times before the station compliance authorities withdrew the ad after the local news industry FTVLive blog criticized the station for carrying it, especially during the height of the Atlantic hurricane season. The FTVLive section will be recorded by the FCC in their decision on WTLV given May 30, 2017, when it was given a $ 55,000 fine to carry the offensive Jaguars ad.

Hacking

On February 11, 2013, hackers broke into EAS networks in Great Falls, Montana and Marquette, Michigan to broadcast emergency alerts that zombies had risen from their graves in several districts in Montana and Upper Peninsula in Michigan. The KRTV Station in Great Falls, WBUP and WNMU-TV at Marquette went into the program to broadcast fake warnings. It is determined that a number of stations install station equipment without firewall or security protection, and further neglect to change the default factory login or password, choose to use factory presets instead. Because of this, FCC, FEMA, equipment manufacturers, as well as trade groups, including the Michigan Broadcasters Association, urged broadcasters to change their passwords and to re-examine their security measures. Two days later, WIZM-FM in La Crosse, Wisconsin accidentally triggered the EAS on WKBT-DT by playing fake warning recordings during its morning show.

On September 28, 2016, NBC WKTV affiliate in Utica, New York mistakenly aired "dangerous material warning". The warning includes a line from Dr. Seuss Green Egg and Ham , "can you? Want on the train?" TV stations posted on social media that the warning was intended to be "an automated test not intended to be publicly displayed". WKTV traces the issue back to FEMA, which sends a warning with the national code. The inclusion of a national code causes EAS station equipment to automatically convey a warning. He later discovers that FEMA does not come from warnings, which means that EAS WKTV equipment has been hacked. No culprit is found in this case.

On February 28, 2017, WZZY in Winchester, Indiana was also hacked, when hackers accessed the SAGE equipment ENDEC EAS station and played the same "zombie and dead" audio from the February 11, 2013 incident (possibly meaning WZZY has the same EAS equipment affecting the 2013 station, and has failed to change the password on the equipment or secured it). The incident prompted a public response from the Randolph County Sheriff's Department clarifying that "station warning equipment has been hacked" and there is no real emergency.

Testing errors

On June 26, 2007 at 7:35 am, CDT, Emergency Action Notice was inadvertently issued in the state of Illinois; the new satellite receiver for the EAS is being installed in the state EOC, but the contractor erroneously left the connected receiver and transferred to the state system before the final internal testing of the new delivery line has been completed. Alert followed by dead air, and then audio from a designated station 720 WGN in Chicago that is broadcast on almost every television and radio station in the Chicago area and across Illinois. The bewildered Spike O'Dell, the morning host of the station at the time, was heard in the air wondering, "what's that sound?"

On October 19, 2008, KWVE-FM in San Clemente, California is scheduled to perform the Required Weekly Tests. However, it performs the Monthly Test Required by mistake, causing all stations and cabling systems in the nearest area to deliver tests. In addition, the operator canceled the test in the middle of the road, causing the station to fail to broadcast the SAME EOM burst to end the test, causing all areas of the outlet to broadcast the KWVE-FM program until the stations took their equipment offline. On September 15, 2009, the Federal Communications Commission authorized its license, Calvary Chapel Costa Mesa, $ 5,000 for a failed EAS test. After the fine was levied, various state broadcasting associations in the United States sent a joint letter to the FCC, protesting the fine, saying that the FCC could handle this issue better. On November 13, 2009, the FCC canceled a fine against KWVE-FM, but still reprimanded the station for airing unauthorized RMT, as well as removing code to end the test.

At the end of September 2017, technical errors in other scheduled tests by KWVE caused the final tone of messages to be excluded, leading regional participants (especially the Cox Charter and Cable systems in Orange County) to accidentally send parts of Chuck Swindoll's Insight for Life radio programs broadcast by the station. In the audio broadcast, Swindoll is heard quoting 2 Timothy 3: 1 from Scripture, stating that "harsh times are coming", which causes viewers to initially speculate that it is a trap.

Fake alarm

On February 1, 2005, EAS used to mistakenly issue an "immediate evacuation order for all Connecticut", which does not contain specific information about why it was issued. The message was broadcast due to operator error during an unannounced, but unscheduled statewide check. A study conducted after the incident reported that at least 11% of the population actually saw the warning, and that 63% of those surveyed were "little or no care at all" - citing the lack of suspicious detail in the message, which warns that Legal will be included. Only 1% of those surveyed actually sought to leave the country. The Connecticut State Police did not receive any calls related to the incident.

On May 20, 2010, NOAA All-Hazards and CSEPP warning radios in Hermiston, Oregon region, near Chemical Depot Umatilla, were activated with EAS warning immediately after 5 pm. The message sent is for a severe lightning storm warning issued by the National Weather Service in Pendleton, but the reverse transmission transmission is a long period of silence, followed by a few words in Spanish. Regional Emergency Management Umatilla has emphasized no emergency at the depot.

On Saturday, September 3, 2016, television viewers in Suffolk County, New York saw a notice that mistakenly called for the evacuation of the entire region. The message was intended to announce voluntary evacuation orders for Fire Island, a coastal community boundary threatened by Tropical Storm Hermine. Instead, what appears on the television screen at 7:40 pm. after reading, "Civil Authority has issued Immediate Evacuation to the following New York states: Suffolk Effective until September 04-07: 10 AM EDT This is an emergency message from." It ends there. According to Newsday, a spokesman for the Federal Emergency Management Agency said its officials are investigating why the message, sent by Suffolk County Fire, Rescue and Emergency Services (FRES), is shortened. Approximately 10 to 15 minutes after the first message, the original warning reappears with a new message - "LATEST message - Volunteer Island volunteer evacuation ONLY at 13:00 Saturday 9/4/16" - affixed at the end. Greg Miniutti, head of communications for FRES, stated that delivery inspectors who sent warnings typed messages correctly through the Code Red system in the region. FEMA spokeswoman Lauren Lefebvre said the original message that appears on television is generated automatically by a computer system. The agency is investigating why other parts of the regional message were not broadcast. Error generating flood 911 calls.

On August 15, 2017 at approximately 12:25 local time, the KTWG and KSTO Guam stations sent a civil warning alert for the island; Guam Homeland Security describes the message, which interferes with station programming, and is accepted on television by multiple viewers, as an "unauthorized test" from the EAS. The impact of the incident was strengthened, as North Korea had threatened ballistic missile launches to Guam just days before. Many calls to 911 operators and the Department of Homeland Security created after the broadcast.

On January 13, 2018 at approximately 08:00 local time, Hawaii's Emergency Management Agency incorrectly issued an emergency alert warning from a ballistic missile threatening the area, which it claimed was not an exercise. 38 minutes later, announced by HI-EMA and the Honolulu Police Department that the EAS warning is a false alarm. The incident comes amid growing concern over the possibility that Hawaii could be targeted by North Korean missiles (in December 2017, Hawaii tested its missile siren for the first time since the Cold War). HI-EMA Administrator Vern Miyagi stated that the incident was "an error made during the standard procedure on shift shift".

src: cdn.vox-cdn.com

In popular culture

EAS has become a popular entertainment device because of its use in emergency situations.

• In the 2005 film version of War of The Worlds, the EAS warning test version can be heard played over the radio while repeating during a scene where the main character is driving through the countryside, escaping from the alien invasion Earth. The test warning during the actual emergency in the film can be seen as a dark reference-a joy for Orson Welles's "World of War" radio broadcast in 1938, where a real panic resulted from a fictitious news report from the alleged Martian invasion.
• Black Mesa , a modern remake of Half-Life , generates a fictional EAS message that reports the initial incident of the game. In the game, it is played once on the radio in the hallway. Audio files are also available for listening outside of the game.
• In first person shooter 2009 Call of Duty: Modern Warfare 2 , during the cutscene during the game before the next level starts displaying a color bar pattern featuring a fictional warning for Prince George's County, about 16 miles away from Washington , DC, where some parts of the game are centered on.
• In Season 3 update of the sandbox co-op survival game, Fortnite updated the in-game television viewer to have a color bar display with llama, one of the items to be collected in the game, featuring SAME tones and TV static as audio.

src: i.ytimg.com

See also

• Wireless Emergency Alert (WEA)
• General Alert Protocol
• CONELRAD
• Digital Emergency Alert System (DEAS)
• Earthquake Early Warning (Japan)
• Emergency Broadcast System (EBS)
• Emergency population warning
• Public Emergency Warning System
• Flash Flood Guidance Systems
• HANDEL (British National Attack Warning System)
• A-Beware
• Local Access Alerts
• National Warning System
• National Light Weather Service Warning
• NOAA Weather Radio
• Nuclear football
• Nuclear MASTER
• Civil Emergency Radio Amateur Service
• Specific Area Message Encoding
• Standard Emergency Warning Signal (Australia)
• Wartime Broadcasting Services
• Weatheradio Canada
• Public Alerts (Canada)

src: a.scpr.org

References

src: i.ytimg.com

External links

• Consumer fact page
• FCC notices of possible increases
• Mandatory Weekly Test on WTKR-TV, Norfolk, Virginia
• Actual EAS Activation for Thunderstorm Warning, Washington County PA
• DASDEC Digital EAS Encoder/Decoder Information
• Digital SAGE Information ENDEC
• EAS Test Messages in audio.mp3
• SAGE MANUAL ENDEC - ENDEC Manual
• Sage ENDEC Alerting Systems Product Datasheet

Source of the article : Wikipedia