Land use involves the management and modification of the natural environment or wilderness into the built environment such as settlements and semi-natural habitats such as fertile land, grasslands and managed forests. It has also been defined as "the total arrangements, activities, and inputs made by people in certain types of land cover."
Video Land use
Rule
Land Use Practices vary across the world. The Food and Agriculture Organization Development Division of the United Nations Organization explains that "Land use concerns the products and/or benefits derived from land use and land management actions (activities) undertaken by humans to produce such products and benefits." In the early 1990s, 13% of Earth is considered fertile soil, with 26% in grasslands, 32% forest and forest, and 1.5% of urban areas.
As Albert Guttenberg (1959) wrote a few years ago, "'Land use' is a key term in the urban planning language." Generally, political jurisdictions will undertake land-use planning and regulate land use in an effort to avoid land-use conflicts. Land use plans are implemented through land sharing and use procedures and regulations, such as zoning regulations. Management consulting firms and non-governmental organizations will often try to influence these rules before they are codified.
United States
In colonial America, there are few rules to control land use, because of seemingly infinite numbers. As societies shift from rural to urban, public land arrangements become important, especially for municipalities that try to control industry, commerce, and housing within their boundaries. The first zoning regulations were passed in New York City in 1916, and, by the 1930s, most states had adopted zoning laws. In the 1970s, environmental concerns and historic preservation led to further regulation.
Currently, federal, state, and local governments regulate growth and development through law laws. The majority of controls on land, however, stem from the actions of private and individual developers. Three typical situations that bring private entities into the court system are: clothes carried by one's neighbor against another; clothing brought by public officials to neighboring landowners on behalf of the public; and clothing involving individuals who share ownership over a particular piece of land. In this situation, court decisions and enforcement of private land use arrangements can reinforce public regulation, and achieve the form and level of control that can not be provided by regulatory zoning.
Two major federal laws have been enacted in the past half century that limit significant land use. This is the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (today embodied in 16 U.S.C. 461 et seq.) And the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.).
Maps Land use
Environment
Land use and land management practices have a major impact on natural resources including water, soil, nutrients, plants and animals. Land use information can be used to develop solutions for issues of natural resource management such as salinity and water quality. For example, water bodies in an area that has been deforested or eroded will have different water quality than in forested areas. Forest gardening, a plant-based food production system, is believed to be the oldest form of land use in the world.
The main effect of land use in land cover since 1750 is the deforestation of temperate climates. Newer significant effects of land use include urban sprawl, soil erosion, soil degradation, salinization, and desertification. Land use change, along with the use of fossil fuels, is the main anthropogenic source of carbon dioxide, the dominant greenhouse gas.
According to a report by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, land degradation has been exacerbated where there has been no land-use planning, or regular implementation, or any financial or legal incentives that have led to incorrect land use decisions, or one-way center planning leads to excessive use of land resources - for example for direct production by all means. As a result the results are often miserable for large segments of the local population and the destruction of valuable ecosystems. Such a narrow approach should be replaced by techniques for planning and managing integrated and holistic land resources and where land users are central. This will ensure long-term quality of land for human use, prevention or resolving social conflicts related to land use, and conservation of ecosystems with high biodiversity values.
Urban growth limits
Urban growth limits are one form of land use regulation. For example, Portland, Oregon is required to have urban growth limits containing at least 20,000 acres (81Ã, km 2 ) of vacant land. In addition, Oregon limits the development of agricultural land. The regulation is controversial, but economic analysis concludes that agricultural land is priced the same as other lands.
See also
References
Further reading
- Guttenberg, Albert Z. 1959. "Classification System of Double-Land Use", Journal of the American Planning Association , 25: 3, 143-150
External links
- Land use and land cover changes are defined in the Encyclopedia of Earth
- Land Use Law Reminder
- Land Use Law by Prof. Daniel R. Mandelker (University of Washington at St. Louis Law School)
- Land Use Utilization of the Public Integrity Center Project
- Land Usage Page Schindler (Michigan State University Utilization Team)
- The Land Policy Institute at Michigan State University
- Powell, W. Gabe. 2009. Identifying Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) Using National Agricultural Program Data (NAIP) as Hydrological Input Model for Local Flood Management. Applied Research Project. Texas State University-San Marcos. http://ecommons.txstate.edu/arp/296/
- Transportation Journals and Land Use
- Land Use, Cornell University Faculty of Law
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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