The James Bond series focuses on the fictitious British Secret Service agent created in 1953 by author Ian Fleming, featuring it in twelve novels and two short stories. Since the death of Fleming in 1964, eight other authors have written novels or novelization of Official Bonds: Kingsley Amis, Christopher Wood, John Gardner, Raymond Benson, Sebastian Faulks, Jeffery Deaver, William Boyd, and Anthony Horowitz. The latest novel is Anthony Horowitz's "The Mortis Trigger", published in September 2015. In addition Charlie Higson wrote a series on the young James Bond, and Kate Westbrook wrote three novels based on the diary of the recurring character Moneypenny.
Characters have also been adapted for television, radio, comics, video games and movies. The films are the longest-running film series of all time and have grossed a total of $ 7.040 billion, making it the fourth best-selling series to date, beginning in 1962 with Drs. Nothing , starring Sean Connery as Bond. By 2018, there are twenty-four films in the Eon Productions series. The latest Bond movie, Spectre (2015), starring Daniel Craig in his fourth portrayal of Bond; he is the sixth actor to play Bond in the Eon series. There are also two independent Bond movie productions: Casino Royale (spoof 1967) and Never Say Never Again (remake of 1983 from the previous Eon produced film Thunderball ). By 2015, the series is estimated to be worth $ 19.9 billion, making James Bond one of the best-selling media franchises of all time.
Bond films are famous for a number of features, including musical accompaniment, with theme songs that have received Academy Award nominations on several occasions, and two wins. Other important elements that run through most movies include Bond cars, weapons, and gadgets supplied by Q Branch. The films are also recorded for Bond relationships with various women, who are sometimes referred to as "Bond girls".
Video James Bond
Publishing history
Creative and inspirational
Ian Fleming created the James Bond fictional character as a central figure for his work. Bond is an intelligence officer at the Secret Intelligence Service, commonly known as MI6. The bond is known by its code number, 007, and is the Royal Navy Commander. Fleming based his fictional creations on a number of individuals whom he met during his time at the Naval Intelligence Division during the Second World War, admitted that Bond was "a composite of all the secret agents and the kind of command I encountered during the war." Among them was his brother, Peter, who had been involved in back-line operations in Norway and Greece during the war. In addition to Fleming's siblings, a number of others also provide some aspects of Bond makeup, including Conrad O'Brien-ffrench, Patrick Dalzel-Job and Bill "Biffy" Dunderdale.
The name James Bond comes from American bird expert James Bond, a Caribbean bird expert and the definitive field guide writer of the West Indies. Fleming, a keen bird observer himself, had a copy of Bond's guide and he then explained to the ornithologist's wife that "I realized that this short, unromantic, Anglo-Saxon and very masculine name was what I needed, and so the second James Bond was born ". He further explained that:
When I wrote the first one in 1953, I wanted Bond to be a very boring, uninteresting man to whom things happen; I want him to be a blunt instrument... when I search for a name for my protagonist, I think by God, [James Bond] is the most boring name I've ever heard.
On another occasion, Fleming said: "I want the simplest, boring, and clearest name I can find, 'James Bond' is much better than something more interesting, like 'Peregrine Carruthers.' going on and around him, but he'll be a neutral figure - a blunt anonymous instrument used by government departments. "
Fleming decided that Bond should resemble American singer Hoagy Carmichael and himself and at Casino Royale, Vesper Lynd commented, "Bond is more reminiscent of Hoagy Carmichael, but there's something cold and cruel." Likewise, in Moonraker, the Branch's Special Branch Officer thinks that Bond is "definitely handsome... Somewhat like Hoagy Carmichael in that way." The black hair fell over his right eyebrow. something rather cruel in the mouth, and his eyes are cold. "
Fleming blesses Bond with many of its own characteristics, including sharing the same golf handicap, scrambled egg flavor, and using the same brand of toiletries. Bond tastes are also often taken from Fleming itself as is his behavior, with Bond's love of golf and gambling reflecting Fleming himself. Fleming uses his experience of espionage careers and all other aspects of his life as an inspiration when writing, including using the names of his schoolmates, acquaintances, relatives and lovers throughout his books.
It was not until the second novel from the back, You Only Live Twice , that Fleming gave Bond a sense of family background. This book is the first written after the release of Dr. Nothing in theaters and Sean Connery's portrayal of Bond influenced Fleming's interpretation of character, to give Bond a sense of humor and Scottish antecedents that were not in the previous story. In a fictitious obituary, reportedly published in The Times, Bond parents were given as Andrew Bond, from the villages of Glencoe, Scotland, and Monique Delacroix, from the canton of Vaud, Switzerland. Fleming did not give birth date Bond, but John Pearson's Bond biography, James Bond: Official Biography 007 , gave Bond the birth date on November 11, 1920, while a study by John Griswold put the date on November 11, 1921.
Ian Fleming's novel
While serving in the Naval Intelligence Division, Fleming had planned to become a writer and had told a friend, "I will write a spy story to end all spy stories." On February 17, 1952, he began writing his first James Bond novel, Casino Royale, in his Goldeneye estate in Jamaica, where he wrote all of his Bond novels during January and February each year. She started the story shortly before her marriage with her pregnant girlfriend, Ann Charteris, to distract her from her upcoming marriage.
After finishing the manuscript for Casino Royale , Fleming showed the manuscript to his friend (and later editor) William Plomer to read. Plomer loved it and handed it to the publisher, Jonathan Cape, who did not like it at all. Cape finally published it in 1953 at the recommendation of Fleming's older brother, Peter, an established travel writer. Between 1953 and 1966, two years after his death, twelve novels and two short story collections were published, with the last two books - The Man with the Golden Gun and Octopussy and The Living Daylights > - published posthumously. All books are published in England through Jonathan Cape.
Post Fleming Novels
After the death of Fleming a later novel, Colonel Sun , was written by Kingsley Amis (like Robert Markham) and published in 1968. Amis has written a literary study of the novel Bond Fleming in his 1965 work. James Bond Dossier . Although the novelization of two Eon Productions Bond films appeared in print, James Bond, The Spy Who Loved Me and James Bond and Moonraker both written by screenwriter Christopher Wood, a series novels did not continue until the 1980s. In 1981 thriller writer John Gardner took the series with Renewable Licenses . Gardner went on to write sixteen Bond books in total; the two books he wrote -
In 1996, American author Raymond Benson became the author of Bond novels. Benson was formerly author of The James Bond Bedside Companion, first published in 1984. By the time he moved on to another unrelated project in 2002, Benson had written six Bond novels, three novels and three short stories.
After a six-year hiatus, Sebastian Faulks was commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to write a new Bond novel, released on May 28, 2008, the 100th anniversary of Fleming's birth. The book - titled Devil May Care is published in the UK by Penguin Books and by Doubleday in the US. The American writer Jeffery Deaver was later commissioned by Ian Fleming Publications to produce Carte Blanche, published on May 26, 2011. This book renews the Bonds into a post 9/11 agent, independent of MI5 or MI6. On September 26, 2013 Solo , written by William Boyd, published, was set in 1969. In October 2014 it was announced that Anthony Horowitz would be writing a follow-up novel Bond . Stipulated in 1950 two weeks after the Goldfinger event, it contained material written, but never before released, by Fleming. Trigger Mortis was released on September 8, 2015.
Young Bonds
The Young Bond series of novels was started by Charlie Higson and, between 2005 and 2009, five novels and one short story were published. The first Young Bond novel, SilverFin was also adapted and released as a graphic novel on October 2, 2008 by Puffin Books. In October 2013 Ian Fleming Publications announced that Stephen Cole will continue this series, with the first edition slated for release in Autumn 2014. The Moneypenny Diaries
The Moneypenny Diaries is a novel trilogy that tells the story of Mona Moneypenny's life, personal secretary M. These novels were written by Samantha Weinberg under the pseudonym Kate Westbrook, described as "editors" of the book. The first installment of the trilogy, Guardian Angel subtitle, was released on October 10, 2005 in the UK. The second volume, the Secret Servant subtitle was released on November 2, 2006 in England, published by John Murray. The third volume, the subtitle Final Fling was released on May 1, 2008.
Maps James Bond
Adaptations
Television
In 1954, CBS paid Ian Fleming $ 1,000 ($ 9,113 in 2017 dollars) to adapt his novel
In 1973, a BBC documentary Omnibus: The British Hero featuring Christopher Cazenove played a number of such title characters (eg Richard Hannay and Bulldog Drummond). Documentaries include James Bond in dramatized scenes of Goldfinger - especially featuring 007 threatened with a novel circular saw, rather than a film laser beam - and Diamonds Are Forever . In 1991, the TV series James Bond Jr. was produced with Corey Burton in the role of Bond's niece, also called James Bond.
Radio
In 1956 the novel Moonraker was adapted for broadcast on South African radio, with Bob Holness providing Bond. According to The Independent , "the listener in Union is happy with Bob's cultural tone as he defeats the evil villains to seek the dominance of the world."
The BBC has adapted five Fleming novels to broadcast: in 1990 You Only Live Twice was adapted into a 90 minute radio play for BBC Radio 4 with Michael Jayston playing James Bond. Production was repeated several times between 2008 and 2011. On May 24, 2008 BBC Radio 4 broadcasted an adaptation of Dr. There is no. Actor Toby Stephens, who plays as Bond Gustav Graves villain in Eon Productions version of Die Another Day, plays Bond, while Dr. No played by David Suchet. After the success, the second story was adapted and on April 3, 2010 BBC Radio 4 broadcast Goldfinger with Stephens again playing Bond. Sir Ian McKellen is Goldfinger and Stephens' Die Another Day co-star Rosamund Pike plays Pussy Galore. The drama was adapted from Fleming's novel by Archie Scottney and directed by Martin Jarvis. In 2012 the novel From Russia, with Love was dramatized for Radio 4; it featured a full-fledged player again starring Stephens as Bond. In May 2014 Stephens returned to play Bond, at On Her Majesty's Secret Service , with Alfred Molina as Blofeld, and Joanna Lumley as Irma Bunt.
Comics
In 1957, The Daily Express approached Ian Fleming to adapt his stories into comics, offering him Ã, Â £ 1,500 per novel and part of a takeover from syndication. After the initial reluctance, Fleming, who felt the strip did not have the quality of his writing, agreed. To help the Daily Express in illustrating Bond, Fleming commissioned an artist to sketch how he believed James Bond was seen. Illustrator John McLusky, however, feels that Fleming 007 looks too "out of date" and "pre-war" and changes Bond to give him a more masculine look. The first strip, Casino Royale was published from 7 July 1958 to 13 December 1958 and was written by Anthony Hern and illustrated by John McLusky.
Most of Bond's novels and short stories have been adapted for illustration, as well as Kingsley Amis Colonel Sun ; His works were written by Henry Gammidge or Jim Lawrence with Yaroslav Horak replacing McClusky as an artist in 1966. After the Fleming and Amis materials have been adjusted, the original story is produced, continuing on the Daily Express and Sunday Express as of May 1977.
Some adaptations of comic books from the James Bond film have been published for years: at the time of Dr. There was no release in October 1962, a comic book adaptation of the screenplay, written by Norman J. Nodel, published in the UK as part of the antics series of Classics Illustrated . It was later reprinted in the United States by DC Comics as part of its anthology series Showcase in January 1963. This was James Bond's first American comic book appearance and noteworthy for being a relatively rare example of comic England which is reprinted in a well-known American comic. It was also one of the earliest comics to be censored on racial grounds (some skin tone and dialogue changed for the American market).
With the release of the 1981 film For Your Eyes Only, Marvel Comics published two editions of the comic book adaptation of the film. When Octopussy was released in theaters in 1983, Marvel published an accompanying comic; Eclipse also produced a one-off comic for the License to Kill, though Timothy Dalton refused to let its similarity be used. The new Bond stories were also created and published from 1989 onwards through Marvel, Eclipse Comics, and Dark Horse Comics.
Movies
Movies Eon Productions
In 1962, Eon Productions, Canadian company Harry Saltzman and American Albert R. "Cubby" Broccoli, released the first cinematic adaptation of Ian Fleming's novel, Dr. No , featuring Sean Connery as 007. Connery starred in the next four movies before leaving the role after You Only Live Twice , taken by George Lazenby for On Her Majesty Secret Service >. Lazenby left the role after only one appearance and Connery was tempted back for her latest Eon-produced movie Diamonds Are Forever .
In 1973 Roger Moore was appointed for the role of 007 for Live and Let Die and played Bond six times further for twelve years before being replaced by Timothy Dalton for two films. After six years of absence, where legal battles threaten Eon's production of Bond films, Irish actor Pierce Brosnan plays the Bond in GoldenEye, released in 1995; he remained in a role for a total of four films, before leaving in 2002. In 2006, Daniel Craig was given the role of Bonds for Casino Royale, which reboots the series. Eon produced twenty-three films, Skyfall , was released on October 26, 2012. The series has grossed nearly $ 7 billion to date, making it the third best-selling series film (behind Harry Potter and Marvel Cinematic Universe movies), and the most successful inflation-adjusted ones.
Non-Eon Movies
In 1967 Casino Royale was adapted into a parody Bond film starring David Niven as Sir James Bond and Ursula Andress as Vesper Lynd. Niven becomes Fleming's choice for Bond's role. The result of a court case in the High Court in London in 1963 enabled Kevin McClory to make a remix of Thunderball titled Never Say Never Again in 1983. The film was produced by the production company Talsfilm Jack Schwartzman and starring Sean Connery as Bond, not part of the Bond Eon film series. In 1997, Sony Corporation acquired all or part of McClory's rights in an undisclosed deal, which was later acquired by MGM, while on December 4, 1997, MGM announced that the company had purchased the rights to Never Say Never Again from Taliafilm. By 2015, Eon holds full adaptation rights for all Bond Fleming novels.
Music
The "James Bond Theme" was written by Monty Norman and was first set up by John Barry Orchestra for 1962's Dr. Nothing , though the true author of music has been a matter of controversy for years. In 2001, Norman won Ã, Â £ 30,000 in defamation from The Sunday Times newspaper, stating that Barry was fully responsible for his composition. Themes, such as those written by Norman and arranged by Barry, are portrayed by other Bond film composers, David Arnold, as "bebop-swing vibes coupled with cruel, dark, distorted electric guitars, surely rock 'n' roll instruments... that represents everything about the character you want: It's arrogant, arrogant, confident, dark, dangerous, suggestive, sexy, unstoppable And he does it in two minutes. "Barry scores for eleven Bond films and contributes without exception to < i> Dr. Nothing with its settings about Bond Theme.
Staples Bond movie is a theme song that is heard during the title sequence sung by famous famous singers. Some of the songs produced for the films have been nominated for the Academy Awards for the Original Song, including Paul McCartney's "Live and Let Die", "Nothing Better" from Carly Simon, Sheena Easton's "To Your Eyes Only" Skyfall "Adele, and" Written on the Walls "Sam Smith. Adele won an award at the 85th Academy Awards, and Smith won at the 88th Academy Awards. For non-Eons that produced Casino Royale , Burt Bacharach's scores included "The Look of Love", nominated for an Academy Award for Best Song.
Video game
In 1983 the first Bond video game, developed and published by Parker Brothers, was released for Atari 2600, Atari 5200, Atari 800, Commodore 64 and ColecoVision. Since then, there have been many video games based on movies or using the original storyline. In 1997, the first person shooter video game GoldenEye 007 was developed by Rare for Nintendo 64, based on the film Pierce Brosnan 1995 GoldenEye . The game received a very positive review, winning BAFTA Interactive Entertainment Award for UK Developer of the Year in 1998 and sold over eight million copies worldwide, the best-selling $ 250 million.
In 1999 Electronic Arts acquired the license and released Tamilrow Never Dies on December 16, 1999. In October 2000, they released the World Not Enough for Nintendo 64 followed by 007 Racing for PlayStation on November 21, 2000. In 2003, the company released James Bond 007: Everything or Nothing , which included the looks and sounds of Pierce Brosnan, Willem Dafoe, Heidi Klum, Gambling Dench and John Cleese, among others. In November 2005, Electronic Arts released a video adaptation 007: From Russia with Love , which involved Sean Connery's image and sound for Bond. In 2006 Electronic Arts announced a game based on the upcoming movie Casino Royale : the game was canceled because it would not be ready by the release of the movie in November of that year. With MGM losing revenue from lost license fees, the franchise has been removed from EA to Activision. Activision later released the game 007: Quantum of Solace on October 31, 2008, based on a movie of the same name.
The new version of GoldenEye 007 featuring Daniel Craig was released for the Wii and a handheld version for Nintendo DS in November 2010. A year later a new version was released for Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 under the title GoldenEye 007: Reloaded . In October 2012 007 Legends was released, featuring one mission from each Bond actor from the Eon Productions series.
Weapons, vehicles and gadgets
Weapon
For the first five novels, Fleming armed Bond with Beretta 418 until he received a letter from a thirty-one-year-old Oblong thugsman and expert, Geoffrey Boothroyd, criticized Fleming's choice of firearms for Bond, calling him "a woman's gun - and not a very woman good at the time! "Boothroyd suggested that Bond should swap his Beretta with Walther KDP 7.65mm and this exchange of weapons made him a Dr. There is no. Boothroyd also advised Fleming on Berns-Martin's three pickup sheath and a number of weapons used by SMERSH and other criminals. Thanks, Fleming gave MI6 Armorer in his novel by the name of Major Boothroyd and, at Dr. Not , M introduced it to Bond as "the world's greatest weapon expert". Bond also uses a variety of rifles, including Savage Model 99 in "For Your Eyes Only" and Winchester.308 rifle targets in "The Living Daylights". Other pistols used by Bond in the Fleming book include Colt Detective Special and Colt.45 Army Special long-barreled.
The first Bond film, Dr. Nothing, seeing M ordering a Bond to leave Beretta behind and pick up Walther KDP, which Bond films used in eighteen films. In Tomorrow Never Dies and the next two movies, Bond's main weapon is the Walther P99 semi-automatic gun. Vehicles
In the early Bond story, Fleming gave Bond Bentley 4 liters with a warship owned by Gray with supercharger Amherst Villiers. After Bond's car was removed by Hugo Drax at Moonraker, Fleming gave the Mark II Continental Bentley Bond, which he used in the remaining books of the series. During Goldfinger , the Bond was issued with Aston Martin DB Mark III with a homing device, which he used to track Goldfinger throughout France. Bond returns to Bentley for the next novel.
The film ties have driven a number of cars, including the Aston Martin V8 Vantage, during the 1980s, V12 Vanquish and DBS during the 2000s, as well as Lotus Esprit; BMW Z3, ​​â € <â € The most famous Bond car is the gray silver Aston Martin DB5, first seen at Goldfinger ; it is then displayed on Thunderball , GoldenEye , Tomorrow Never Dies , Casino Royale , Skyfall > and Specter . The films have used a number of different Aston Martins for filmmaking and publicity, one of which was sold in January 2006 at an auction in the US for $ 2,090,000 to an unnamed European collector. Gadget
Fleming's novels and early screen adaptations feature minimal equipment such as the attach-attach case of booby in From Russia with Love , although the situation is changing dramatically with the movies. However, the effects of two Bond films produced by Eon No and From Russia with Love influences the novel The Man with the Golden Gun , by increasing the number of devices used in Fleming's last story.
For the Bond film adaptation, pre-mission briefings by Q Branch became one of the motives that ran through the series. Dr. Nothing provides no gadget related to spy, but Geiger counter is used; industrial designer Andy Davey observes that the first spy device ever on screen is the attachment shown in From Russia with Love , which he describes as "classic 007". Gadgets assumed a higher profile in the 1964 movie Goldfinger . The film's success prompted further espionage equipment from Q Branch to be supplied to Bond, although increased use of technology led to allegations that Bond was too dependent on equipment, especially in subsequent films.
Davey notes that "Bond gizmos follow the zeitgeist closer than any other nuance in the film" as they move from potential future representation in the early films, to the obsession of the names of the next films. It is also seen that, although Bond uses a number of equipment from Q Branch, including the Little Nellie autogyro, jet packs and exploding attachase cases, criminals are also equipped with specially crafted devices, including the Scaramanga gold gun, Rosa Klebb's poisoned toes, bowman cap Oddjob steel frames, and Blofeld communications devices in the boxes of his agent's arrogance.
Cultural impact
Cinematically, Bond has been a major influence in the spy genre since the release of Dr. Nothing in 1962, with 22 secret agent films released in 1966 alone trying to capitalize on the popularity and success of the Bond franchise. The first parody is the 1964 movie Carry On Spying, which denotes a criminal. Crow is being overcome by agents including James Bind (Charles Hawtry) and Daphne Honeybutt (Barbara Windsor). One of the movies that reacted to Bond's portrayal was the Harry Palmer series, whose first film, The Ipcress File, was released in 1965. The eponymous hero of the series is what Jeremy Packer's "anti-Bond" academician called " , or what Christoph Lindner calls "the thought man's Bond". The Palmer series is produced by Harry Saltzman, who also uses the main crew members of the Bond series, including designer Ken Adam, editor Peter R. Hunt and composer John Barry. The four "Matt Helm" movies starring Dean Martin (released between 1966 and 1969), the "Flint" series starring James Coburn (consisting of two films, respectively in 1966 and 1969), while The Man from UNCLE also moved to the cinema screen, with eight films released: all are proof of Bond's excellence in popular culture. Recently, the Austin Powers series by writer, producer and comedian Mike Myers, and other parodies like the 2003 Johnny English film, have also used elements from or parodied Bond films.
After the release of the film Dr. Nothing in 1962, the line "Bond... James Bond", became an expression that entered the lexicon of popular Western culture: the writers of Cork and Scivally said of the introduction at Dr. There is no that "signature recognition will be the most popular and loved movie line". In 2001, he was voted "the most beloved one-liner in theaters" by a British cinema audience, and in 2005, it was honored as the 22nd largest citation in the history of cinema by the American Film Institute as part of their 100-Year Series.. The '100 Years' series from the 2005 American Film Institute recognizes James Bond's own character as the third greatest movie hero. He is also placed at number 11 on the same list by Empire and as the fifth greatest film character of all time by Premiere .
The 23 James Bond movies produced by Eon Productions, which has earned $ 4.910 million in box office returns, have made this series one of the best-selling movies ever. Expected since Dr. Nothing , a quarter of the world's population has seen at least one Bond movie. The British Film Distributors Association has stated that the importance of the Bond film series for the British film industry can not be overstated, as they "form the backbone of the industry".
Television also sees the effects of the Bond film, with the NBC series The Man from UNCLE, described as Bond's first "television network imitation", mainly because Fleming provides suggestions and ideas about series development, even giving the main character of the name Napoleon Solo. Other 1960's TV series inspired by Bond include I Spy , and Get Smart .
An icon of British culture, in 2012, James Bond has become a symbol of the British Empire whose character, played by Craig, appeared in the opening ceremony of the London 2012 Olympics as a companion of Queen Elizabeth II.
Throughout this series of films, a number of tie-in products have been released.
James Bond Criticism
The James Bond character and related media have sparked a number of critics and reactions across the political spectrum, and are still heavily debated in the study of popular culture. Some observers have accused Bond novels and misogynous films and sexism. Geographers have considered the role of exotic locations in films in the dynamics of the Cold War, with power struggles among the blocks playing in the periphery. Other critics claim that Bond films reflect the imperial nostalgia. American conservative critics, especially in the 1960s and 1970s, see Bond as a nihilistic, hedonistic, and immoral character that challenges family values.
See also
- 9007 James Bond, asteroid named after character
- Bibliography of James Bond
- "Shaken, not stirred", slogan is James Bond
References
Bibliography
External links
- Ian Fleming Publications website
- Official Website of Young Bonds
- Pinewood Studios Albert R. Broccoli 007 website
- James Bond on IMDb
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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